动词
动词的含义 动词是表示动作或状态的词，在句子中做谓语。动词的基本形式： 动词原形、 过去式、 现在分词和过去分词。
动词的种类: 类别 及物动词（vt） 不及物动词（vi） 系动词 特点 举例 跟宾语 I like music. 不跟宾语 It rained last night. 跟表语 I am a doctor. She is a nurse. We are very happy. 助动词 跟动词原形或分词 I don’t like playing basketball. I have seen this movie before. 情态动词 跟动词原形 She can speak Japanese.
动词时态
一般现在时 （3种结构）
表示经常性、习惯性的动作；或普遍真理、客观事实；或某种状态。
“主·谓·（宾）”结构
Peter always spends too much time playing computer games. Alice usually goes to school by bus in the morning. I like listening to classical music.
“There· be”结构
There is a map on the wall. There are some birds in the sky.
“主·系·表”结构
It’s very cold today. The earth is bigger than the moon. My father is a teacher. 动词第三人称单数
动词特征 构成 例词 一般动词 词尾加s like-likes teach-teaches do-does go-goes wash-washes pass-passes mix-mixes fax-faxes(发送传真) study-studies carry-carries try-tries play-plays stay-stays say-says 以ch,sh,s,o,x结尾 记忆技巧：吃（ch）蛇(sh,s)后喝XO 词尾加es 辅音字母+y,变y为i，再加es 以y结尾 元音字母+y,直接加s
一般过去时 （3种结构）
表示发生在过去的动作。在一般过去时的句子中, 动词必须用过去式.
动词过去式 及 过去分词的构成
规则变化
构成法 (1) 一般情况下加 ed (2) 以 e 结尾的，加 d (3) 以“辅音字母 + y” 结尾的，改 y为i， 再加 ed. (4) 以重读闭音节 或 r音节 结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母的词，要双写这个辅音字母，再加 ed. 词例 work -- worked -- worked play -- played -- played live -- lived -- lived like -- liked -- liked study -- studied -- studied cry -- cried -- cried stop -- stopped -- stopped prefer -- preferred -- preferred refer-referred-referred occur-occurred-occurred
不规则变化 （参考课本）
一般过去时常见的提示: yesterday; the day before yesterday; last（week/ month/ year/Sunday --）
this ---；just now； --- ago; after ---; when --- 等等。
注：当谓语动词是行为动词时，肯定句用动词的过去式表达，构成疑问句或否定句时，需借助did或didn’t构成，谓语动词要还原成原形。例如： I went to the zoo yesterday.
My mother didn’t go to the park last weekend. Did Jim come to see you last night?
.
现在进行时 表示目前正在发生或进行的动作。 （只有延续性动词有进行时； 非延续性动词没有进行时 ） 主语 + 系动词（am / is / are ）+ 现在分词
现在分词的构成
构成法 词例 (1) 一般情况下加 ing. work -- working； learn -- learning (2) 以 e 结尾的，去掉e，再加 ing. live -- living； take -- taking (3) 以重读闭音节 或 r 音节 结尾，且末尾只有一个 sit -- sitting； stop -- stopping 辅音字母的词，要双写这个辅音字母，再加 ing. chat -- chatting； refer -- referring (4) 以 ie 结尾的，要改ie 为y，再加 ing.
现在进行时的标志：Look； Listen； now； at the moment / at present Look. Alice is reading a magazine over there. Listen. Peter is singing a Chinese song. Alice is talking to Peter now.
I’m learning Japanese at the moment.
特殊情况： 非延续性动词 没有进行时，它们的现在分词形式 表示 将来时。 主语 + ( am / is / are ) + 非延续性动词的现在分词：表示将来时。
I’m going to school now.
Mary is leaving for New York soon.
Spring Festival is coming. I’m arriving in Beijing.
tie -- tying； lie -- lying
过去进行时 表示在过去的某时正在发生或进行的动作。 主语 + 系动词（was / were ）+ 现在分词
David was doing his homework at 8 o’clock yesterday. I was doing my homework at his time yesterday. Tom was having breakfast when Mary called him.
(完整版)初三英语动词专题及专项练习(含答案)
