2014年职称英语理工类B级真题及答案
第一部分：词汇选项
下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。 1. The majority of people around here are decent. A. real B. honest C. normal D. wealthy 2. The curriculum was too narrow and too rigid. A. hidden B. traditional C. inflexible D. official 3. The committee was asked to render a report on the housing situation. A. furnish B. copy C. publish D. summarize 4. Afterwards there was just a feeling of let-down. A. excitement B. disappointment C. anger D. calm 5. Several windows had been smashed. A. cleaned B. replaced C. fixed D. broken 6. The worst agonies of the war were now beginning. A. pains B. parts C. aspects D. results 7. London quickly became a flourishing port. A. major B. large C. successful D. commercial 8. She felt that she had done her good deed for the day. A. homework B. justice C. model D. act 9. He led a very moral life. A. human B. intelligent C. natural D. honourable 10. His stomach felt hollow with fear. A. sincere B. respectful C. empty D. terrible 11. It was a majic night until the spell was broken. A. time B. charm C. space D. opportunity 12. His professional career spanned 16 years. A. started B. changed C. moved D. lasted
13. They are trying to identify what is wrong with the present system. A. discover B. prove C. consider D. imagine
14. His knowledge of French is fair. A. very useful B. very limited C. quite good D. rather special 15. The group does not advocate the use of violence. A. limit B. regulate C. oppose D. support
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第二部分：阅读判断
下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
So Many 'Earths'
The Milky Way (银河) contains billions of Earth-sized planets that could support life that’s the finding of a new study. It draws on date that came from NASA’s top planet-hunting telescope.
A mechanical failure recently put that Kepler space telescope out of service. Kepler had played a big role in creating a census of planets orbiting some 170,000 stars. Its data have been helping astronomers predict how common planets are in our galaxy. The telescope focused on hunting planets that might have conditions similar to those on Earth.
The authors of a study, published in The Proceedings of the National Academy of sciences, conclude that between 14 and 30 out of every 100 stars, with a mass and temperature similar to the Sun, may host a planet that could support life as we know it.
Such a planet would have a diameter at least as large as Earth’s, but no more than twice that big. The planet also would have to orbit in a star’s habitable zone. That’s where the surface temperature would allow any water to exist as a liquid. The new estimate of how many planets might fit these conditions comes from studying more than 42,000 stars and identifying suitable worlds orbiting them. The scientists used those numbers to extrapolate (推算) to the rest of the stars that the telescope could not see.
The estimate is rough, the authors admit. If applied to the solar system, it would define as habitable a zone starting as close to the Sun as Venus and running to as far away as Mars. Neither planet is Earthlike (although either might have been in the distant past). Using tighter limits, the researchers estimate that between 4 and 8 out of every 100 Sunlike stars could host an Earth-sized world. These are ones that would take 200 to 400 days to complete a yearly orbit. Four out of every 100 sunlike stars doesn’t sound like a big number. It would mean, however, that the Milky Way could host more than a billion Earth-sized planets with a change for life. 16. The Kepler space telescope has been in service for 15 years. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
17. The main task of the Kepler space telescope is to find out planets with similar conditions to Earth’s. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 18. The planet that could support life might be a little bit smaller than Earth. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 19. The Earth is planet orbiting in the Sun’s habitable zone. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
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20. The new finding is based on a thorough study of 170,000 stars in the Milky Way. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 21. The estimate of the number of planets that could support life is not very accurate.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 22. This is the first research finding about the planets with a chance for life. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
第三部分：概括大意与完成句子
阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试，任务：(1)1-4题 要求从所给的4个选项中为段每段选择1个正确的小标题;(2)第5-8题 要求从所给的5个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。
Climate Change: The Long Reach
1. Earth is warming. Sea levels are rising. There’s more carbon in the air, and Arctic ice is melting faster than at any time in recorded history. Scientists who study the environment to better gauge (评估). Earth’s future climate now argue that these changes may not reverse for a very long time.
2. People burn fossil fuels like coal and oil for energy. That burning releases carbon dioxide, a colorless gas. In the air, this gas traps heat at Earth’s surface. And the more carbon dioxide released, the more the planet warms. If current consumption of fossil fuels doesn’t slow, the long-term climate impacts could last thousands of years-and be more severe than scientists had been expecting. Climatologist Richard Zeebe of the University of Hawaii at Manoa offers this conclusion in a new paper.
3. Most climate-change studies look at what’s going to happen in the next century or so. During that time, changes in the planet’s environment could nudge (推动) global warming even higher. For example: Snow and ice reflect sunlight back into space. But as these melt, sunlight can now reach-- and warm –the exposed ground. This extra heat raises the air temperature even more, causing even more snow to melt. This type of rapid exaggeration of impacts is called a ‘fast feedback’.
4. Zeebe says it’s important to look at fast feedbacks. However, he adds, they’re limited. From a climate change perspective, ‘This century is the most important time for the next few generations’, he told Science News “But the world is not ending in 2100”. For his new study. Zeebe how focuses on “slow feedbacks”. While fast feedback events unfold over decades or centuries, slow feedbacks can take thousands of years. Melting of continental ice sheets and the migration of plant life --- as they relocate to more comfortable areas --- are two examples of slow feedbacks.
5. Zeebe gathered information from previously published studies investigating how such processes played out over thousands of years during past dramatic changes in climate. Then he came up with a forecast for the future that accounts for both slow and fast feedback processes. Climate forecasts that use only fast feedbacks predict a 4.5 degree Celsius (8.1 degree Fahrenheit) change by the year 3000. But slow feed
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backs added another 1.5 ℃ -- for a 6 total increase, Zeebe reports. He also found that slow feedback events will cause global warming to persist for thousands of years after people run out of fossil fuels to burn. 23. Paragraph 2 ________ 24. Paragraph 3 ________ 25. Paragraph 4 ________ 26. Paragraph 5 ________
A. A prediction of future climate change B. Impact of burning fossil fuels C. Fast feedbacks
D. Unpredictability of feedback processes E. Rising of sea levels F. Slow feedbacks
27. Arctic ice has never been melting so fast in _______
28. Melting of snow and ice enables sunlight to reach ________ 29. Zeebe came up with his future climate prediction by analyzing ________ 30. After fossil fuels are used up, global warming will continue for ________ A. rapid exaggeration of impacts B. a very long time C. the extra heat
D. previously published studies E. the exposed ground F. recorded history
第四部分：阅读理解 短文后有5道题，每题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。 第一篇 Eye-tracker Lots You Drag and Drop Files with a Glance Bored of using a mouse? Soon you'll be able to change stuff on your computer screen – and then move it directly onto your smartphone or tablet (平板电脑) –with nothing more than a glance.
A system called EyeDrop uses a head-mounted eye tracker that simultaneously records your field of view so it knows where you are looking on the screen. Gazing at an object – a photo, say – and then pressing a key, selects that object. It can then be moved from the screen to a tablet or smartphone just by glancing at the second device, as long as the two are connected wirelessly.
\ent that we want to acquire, \eagues at Lancaster University, UK.
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Turner believes EyeDrop would be useful to transfer an interactive map or contact information from a public display to your smartphone or for sharing photos.
A button needs to be used to select the object you are looking at otherwise you end up with the \(点石成金) effect, whereby everything you look at gets selected by your gaze, says Turner. \ng it pointed at,\
Christian Holz, a researcher in human-computer interaction at Yahoo Labs in Sunnyvale, California, says the system is a nice take on getting round this fundamental problem of using gaze-tracking to interact. \灵巧的) way by combining it with input on the touch devices we carry with us most of the time anyway and using touch input as a clutching mechanism,\ers to seamlessly interact across devices far and close in a very natural manner.\While current eye-trackers are rather bulky, mainstream consumer devices are not too far away. Swedish firm Tobii is developing gaze-tracking technology that can be installed in laptops and tablets and is expected to be available to buy next year. And the Google Glass headset is expected to include eye-tracking in the future. Turner says he has also looked at how content can be cut and pasted or drag-and-dropped using a mix of gaze and taps on a touch screen. The system was presented at the Conference on Mobile and Ubiquitous Multimedia in Sweden, last week. 31. The eye-tracker technology enables us to______ A. change our computer screen.
B. focus on anything that interests us. C. get a smartphone connected wirelessly. D. move an object from screen with a glance. 32. Why is a button needed? A. To minimize the cost of EyeDrop. B. To choose as many objects as possible. C. To make EyeDrop different from others. D. To select what we want. 33. The word “this” in Paragraph 6 refers to_______ A. application of gaze-tracking in human-computer interaction. B. interaction between human and computer. C. combination of gaze-tracking with input on touch devices. D. generalization of EyeDrop system.
34. Which of the following statement is true of eye-trackers for consumer devices. A. They are costly. B. They are available.
C. They are installed in Google Glass headset. D. They are expected to come out soon. 35. What is Turner likely to study next?
A. How to drag and drop with gaze and taps. B. How to present the system in public.
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2014年职称英语理工类B级真题及答案
