There is some water in the glass. Is there any water in the glass? There isn’t any water in the glass.
十一、祈使句 1. 祈使句的定义
祈使句是用来发出命令或指示，提出要求、建议、劝告等的句子。祈使句的第二人称主语you通常不表示出来，而是以动词原形开头。例如：Be careful. 小心。Have a coffee, please. 请喝杯咖啡。Don't worry. 不要担心。 2. 祈使句的主语 (1)省略第二人称的主语
Look out! There's a car coming. 小心！有车来了。 Don't touch me. 别碰我。
(2)祈使句如需要强调对方时，亦可把you说出来。 You be quiet! 你们安静！
Don't you open the door.你不要开门。 (3)祈使句亦可用第三人称作主语。
Somebody open the door.（注意：要用动词原形）来个人把门打开。 Henry read the poem first. （注意：要用动词原形）亨利先读这首诗。 Parents with children go to the front. 带孩子的家长到前面去。
Don't anybody open the door.（注意：要用don't而不是用doesn't）谁也不要开门。
3．祈使句的肯定与否定 （1）肯定：
a. 动词 多数的祈使句是以动词原形开头的
Look right. Look left. Stand up. Sit down. Keep silence. Help! Close the door. Let me try. Let me see. Let’s go. b. 形容词+表语
Be quiet. Be quick. Be careful. Be seated. Be on time.
Have a cup of tea, please. （2）否定： a. Don’t +动词原形
Don’t walk. Don't litter. Don’t touch. Don’t move. Don’t cry. Don’t worry. Don’t run. Don’t write.
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Don’t make noise in class. Don’t hit other children. Don’t climb the trees. b. Don’t + be 动词 + 表语 Don’t be late. Don’t be nervous. c. No + 名词或动名词
No swimming. No parking. No food. No smoking. No cameras. No bikes.
祈使句的否定形式一般是在谓语动词前加上do not或don't（口语中），有时也可用never。若祈使句有主语，否定词don't或never要置于主语之前。 Do not come in unless asked. 非请莫入。 Don't you believe it.决不要相信它。
Don't anyone make any noise. 谁也不要吵吵闹闹。 Never be late again next time. 下一次千万不要再迟到了。
4. 祈使句：不同的口气
Would you kindly open the door? （最客气） Will you please open the door? （客气） Please open the door.（客气） Open the door, will you? （客气） Just open the door.（对熟人的要求） Open the door.（略带命令口气） Open the door, you? （傲气十足） 5. 祈使句：强调
可以在祈使句的动词原形之前加上do表示强调。 Do be honest. 一定要诚实。
Do be quiet a moment. 一定要安静一会儿。 Do let me go. 一定让我去吧。
Do tell me the reason. 务必告诉我理由。 6. 祈使句：其他表达法
Patience! 要有耐心！（名词） Hands up! 举起手来！（名词） Bottoms up! 干杯！（名词）
After you! 您先请！（介词短语）Quickly! 快！（副词）
十二、必背句型 1. What is your name?
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My name is Li Ming. 2. How old are you?
I’m twelve (years old). 3. How are you?
I’m fine, think you. 4. What are you doing (now)?
I am watching TV.
5. What are you going to do tomorrow?
I am going to play football. 6. What will she do next?
She will go shopping. 7. What did you do yesterday?
I saw a film. 8. What color is it?
It is pink.
9. What time is it? = What’s the time? It’s 7 o’clock. 10. What your favorite subject?
English is my favorite subject.
11. Which is your watch, the yellow one or the white one?
The yellow one.
12. Which season do you like best?
I like summer, because I can swim. 13. Who’s the man with a big nose?
He is my uncle. 14. Whose bag is it?
It’s my mother’s. 15. Whose socks are these?
They are Jimmy’s. 16. When is your birthday?
My birthday is December, 12th. 17. Where is my ball pen?
It is in your pencil case. 18. Why do you like summer?
Because I can eat ice cream.
19. How many books are there in the school bag?
There are five books in my bag. 20. How old is the young man?
He is 70 years old.
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21. How much is the toy bear?
It is 20 Yuan.
22. How do you go to school everyday?
I go to school by bus everyday.
23. Linlin is good at drawing./ Charlie is not good at dancing. 24. Jim is tall. Tom is taller than Jim. Sam is the tallest in our class. 25. Betty dances well. Amy dances better than Betty. Sally dances best. 26. There are four seasons in a year, spring, summer, autumn and winter. 27. I like bananas. / I like running. 28. It’s time to go home.
It’s time to go to school. = It’s time for school. 29. Excuse me.
30. You are welcome. = That’ all right. 31. Nice to nice you. = Nice to see you. 32. 打电话：
Who is that?
This is Tom (speaking).
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Grammar Exercises:
Be动词
用am, is, are 填空（不需要的用“/”表示）。 1. My grandma __________ a doctor.
2. Xiao Ming ___________ twelve years old. He ____________ tall and thin. 3. Lucy and Lily __________ twins.
4. There __________ an eraser in the pencil-case. 5. There __________ bananas on the table.
6. There __________ a book and three pencils on the desk. 7. There __________ a banana and some pears in the fridge. 8. __________ you a policeman?
No , I ________ not. 9. __________ she a student?
Yes, she _________. 10. Who __________ they?
11. They __________ my classmates, Wang lin and Zhang Jun. 12. It _________ 8 o’clock. 13. What day _________ it today? 14. It ________ Tuesday.
15. PE ________ my favorite class. 16. This _________ a yellow dress. 17. These __________ my old clothes.
18. I Li Lei. She Lucy. She and I good friends. 19. What these over there? Oh, they my sweaters. 20. your book red? Yes, it . 21. your book and pen red? No, they not. 22. your books red? Yes.
23. My clothes blue. His yellow. 24. Lucy and Lily twins. They American. They look the same. 25. Miss Gao our English teacher. She has a son. 26. His name Sun Huimin. He in our class. 27. The students of Class Three on the hill now.
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英语复习资料（小升初）
