1. Just as an old Chinese proverb says ：Aspire to inspire until I expire! 正如中国一句古老的 谚语：生命不息，奋斗不止！
2. Simple as the picture is, the meaning behind it is as deep as ocean.尽管图画很简单，但寓意 很深刻苦。
3. The situation being so serious, it is high time that we took effective measures to tackle this problem. 问题如此严重了，是时候采取有效的措施去解决这个问题了。
4. It is imperative that laws and regulations be introduced and enforced to curb and harness this urgent problem.我们必须制定（work out）并执行一些法律法规（laws and regulations）来解决这些问题。
5. In no country other than China, it has been said, is the problem of environment more serious. 在中国环境问题是最严重的。
6. There has been a heated discussion about a picture in the newspaper. 报纸上有一张图画引起了人们广泛的关注。
7. The past decade has witnessed a huge development in economy owning to the reform and opening-up policy being carried out, bringing some problems at the same time, with the following one being the foremost.在过去的十年间，由于改革开放政策的执行，我国经济有了巨大的发展，同时也带来了很多问题，其中最重要的是…
成功的品质、环保类、爱心和社会道德、文化交流、科技与传播、偶像崇拜、健康话题、学校话题
作文三段要求：
第一段：描述图画（describe）
①万能开头句：There has been a heated discussion about a picture in the newspaper. 报纸上有一张图画引起了人们广泛的关注。
②图画描述句
step1：确定中心对象在图中所在的位置。 （用完全倒装来表达）（介词短语） （be、exist、lie、run、walk、stand、swim、fly、float （位置的描述：in the middle of the picture、in the sunshine、in the darkness）
step2：描述中心事物，可以从动作和状态进行描述。（非谓语动词，非限定性定语从句）（多个位置并列，多个动作状态并列）
step3：对中心事物周围进行描述，或中心对象某一部分描述（用独立主格进行描述） 配图文字：不处理 处理：（1）用谚语表达 （2）独立主格揉入上一句 如with a line going like this （如图所示 As is shown above）
图画描述练习：
As is shown above, behind the Lost and Found counter sits an old lady, waiting for the owners of the lost article, with lost items put on the shelf behind her, among which are love, responsibility , sympathy, conscience and the like ,used to be valued by all of us.
复数名词，among which are A,B,C，and the like (列举句型) 名词：定语（adj. 分词）
As is shown above, in the river dangerously floats a paper boat, symbolizing moral training, containing some bread and fruit, which is symbolic of safety.
As is shown above, in front of a football, representing unqualified products， stands a man, symbolizing the misleading ads, aiming to shoot the products to the customer, who is almost completely vulnerable.
As is shown above, on the ground and in front of the basin kneels an adult man, putting his hands into the water and washing feet for his aged mother, who is smiling and looking at her dear son, with a line going like this: love for mom starts with caring her feet.
As is shown above, in the middle of the picture happily run a lot of youngsters, rushing to the donate box from all directions, trying to contributing their love to the people in the need of help.
As is shown above, in the middle of the picture and on the road stand a group of people, hesitating to move on, intimidated by three big pits facing them, the fake commodities and medicines and the high price of
healthcare.
As is shown above, in the middle of the picture and on the computer screen stands a so-called famous and influence star, hawking a medicine, boasting its magic function and exaggerating that it can cure all diseases, with a caption reading that: celebrity endorsement.
③总结句 Simple as the picture is, the meaning behind it is as deep as ocean.尽管图画很简单，但寓意很深深刻。
第二段：阐明含义（interpret）
写作策略： 段落展开： 科学论据法 举例法 虚拟语气法
① 科学论据法:积累一些组织机构的名字（列举数字，后跟一个定于从句修饰） 1、…, suggests a survey.
2、 according to the survey……
例句：每年，北京市民花费在养狗上的费用价值1000000美元，可够日本人吃一年。 According to the latest survey, money spent on pets in the city of Beijing is as much as $100,000,000, which can feed all the Japanese in the world for a whole year.
Money spent on sth is as much as…. Money spent on sth has reached as much as Money earned/collected/raised is as much as…. ②举例法 1···for example, 2···for instance,··· 3 take sb for instance，it is -----that helps sb achieve his glorious personal accomplishment and （成就） 虚拟语气法：对论点进行强调
如果没有改革开放的政策，我们就没机会吃到麦当劳和肯德基。
If there were no reform and opening-up policy, we would never taste the McDonald’s or the KFC. 句型：were there no sth, sb would never do sth（通常用于正面主题）
If the situation were to continue as it is, we would pay the high price.
Our future generations would not bother to think of excuses for us. (负面主题) 写作练习:希望工
1. Our society has been filled with a variety of example of love, with the Hope Project being the foremost.我们当今社会与爱心相关的例子很多，希望工程是最有说服力的。
2. Pathetic as they are, people coming from all walks of life began to help them, which is so called Hope Project.尽管他们很可怜，但来自各个行业的人们想他们伸出了援助之手，这就是所谓的希望工程。
3. According to the latest survey, money collected annually has reached as much as about $ 10000000, which can help 3 million children finish their primary school. 根据一项调查，每年希望工程 募集到的资金价值，这些钱可以帮助三百万儿童上学。
4. Were there no such precious help, those children would never taste the knowledge and live in the darkness forever.人如果没有这些帮助，那些孩子将永远无法得到宝贵的知识，永远生活在黑暗之中。
第三段：评论、举例（comment、example）
评论：1. 正面话题：第一句：取其精华，去其糟粕。 第二句：如何面对 第三句：展望未来 第一句：It is imperative that the essence be absorbed and the drawbacks be neglected，during this process, especially in the times of knowledge explosions, when the news, facts, opinions even rumors have been bombarding us from every corner of the word. (万能时间状语)
第二句：In view of the complexity of such an issue, we must treat it socially, economically and culturally. 第三句：Only in a reasonable, prosperous and healthy atmosphere can we hope to witness the ideal scene in which people can enjoy their life to the uttermost.
People can enjoy…….. 主体 can enjoy 对象 （根据文章而定） 2. 负面话题
第一句：背诵句3 （情况很紧急） 第二句：句群（解决方案） 1. 背诵句4（法律）
2. 专家学者想办法：In this issue, researchers, scholar, and experts are expected to work out up-to-date solution to sth.在这个问题上，研究人员，学者和专家应该找出与时俱进的方法来解决它。
3. 大众提升意识： For another thing, the general public is supposed to enhance their awareness that_____另一方面，大众也应该加强意识，切实认识（主题）有害/重要。
第三句：展望未来：可以使用正面话题的句子 总结句
With a proper law and alert public, it will only be a matter of time before the problem becomes things（=the thing）of the past. 伴随着一个恰当的法律和警觉的民众，这个问题迟早可以被解决。 更多句子- - - P62
13. 写作练习：
1. Being=seeming = remaining 2. Symbolic meaning And its like(表达陌生词汇) Simple as the picture is, the symbolic meaning behind it is as deep as ocean.
3. The past decade has witnessed a huge development in education owning to some policies being carried out, bringing some problems at the same time, with the above one being the foremost（最重要的）. 可以使用指示性的词表达主体词（陌生的主体词）：代词，such ,one ,the one, the one mentioned above
According to a survey, the number of papers published in 2009 is 10 times as much as that of 1999, with the students’abilities remaining still.
Our universities have been filled with a variety of examples of the phenomenon mentioned above, with the following one been the foremost.
You will get one of frequent answers---to find our professor, when asking any student of a university to list some difficult things happened in campus life.
4. Tired as he is, he has to continue his running as his parents’ wishes.
Nowadays，the college has been filed with a variety of examples of such things, with Majiajue being the foremost.
同时，多用指示性代词，增加句子间的关联性 5. 举例的时候可以只举例不展开 14. 考研作文题材：议论文
第一段：引入 第一段， 结构的重新搭建 第一句：图画描述句：As is shown above, 第二句：万能开头句（图画描述不充分时）
There has been a heated discussion about this （第二句不能用a） the newspaper recently. （注意句子间的关联） 第三句：总结句
第二段：论述 第二段， 重新搭建结构
第一句：提出观点（主体很重要，主题很有害） 第二句：强调观点（换个表达，具体） 第三句: 表明公众态度（重视、不重视） 第四句：强调态度 第五句：句群，展开 (1) 平行展开法 (2) 举例法 (3) 科学论据法 最后一句：结尾句（虚拟语句法，利弊句型）
第二段第一句：(1) The picture tells us that nothing can be compared with +重要主题 (2) The picture does reveal that 有害主题 is not only harmful, but also damaging+状语 第二句：也可以使用5,7
有害主题：(1) The past decade has witnessed a huge development in economy owning to some policy being carried out, bringing some problems at the same time, with the above one being the foremost. (2) In no country other than China, it has been said that, is the problem mentioned above more serious.
重要主题：（1）The past decade has witnessed many great changes in China, with the above one in the
most far-reaching. （2）In no country other than China, it has been said, is this phenomenon more obvious.
第三句：What’s more, the public fails to attach due attention to…(有害主题) What’s more, the public attaches due attention to…(重要主题)
科学论据法的扩展：(媒体) China Daily interviewed four people from four professions—a surgeon, a lawyer, a civil servant and a steelwork.
The survey discovers that all of them are of the idea that 主题很重要 According to the survey conducted by China Academy of Social Science。（CASS） China Academy of Science CAS
第二段结论：定语从句和比较级的结合：
Those who 动词（主题相关） are more likely to + 动词（11方向的动词）， compared with who do ( are) not.
对于平行展开法的提升：
1. More than （肯定） 这不只是一个挑战。 This is more than a challenge.
The World Wide Web is more than a form to get up-to-date, concrete and accurate and vivid information, but an instructive mode of entertainment as well. 互联网不只是能提供及时，具体，准确和生动的信息，它还是一种有启发意义的娱乐方式。
2. Far from being (否定) It is far from being a challenge 这远不是一个挑战
3. China is still far from being a world economic leading nation.中国远不是一个世界的领导者。 Country to a popular assumption（和流行的看法相反）, China is still far from being a world economic leading nation. Contrary to a common belief, with（由于） our sustainable development facing many drastic threats, environmental preservation should have priority over economic growth.
4. 双重否定的使用 It is not unrealistic to promote more job satisfaction in any job.
背诵句 These days, it is not uncommon that many graduates will elect being a civil servant as their top choice when hunting a job for many clear advantages (e.g., secured position, stable income or better social welfare).
Not surprisingly, students who are under constant stress in their studies may suffer from psychological problems or even commit crimes.
5. Anything but (否定) Nothing but （肯定） 6. Be 动词被替换
Internet is form of entertainment. Internet is well received as a form of entertainment Internet is well received as an instructive form of entertainment.
Internet has been well received as an instructive form of entertainment. be= have been well received/ considered/ deemed /seen/ regarded as 文艺复兴：Rinascimento Renaissance Leonardo Da Vinci 达芬奇 7. Not the least (最高级) Dante Alighieri 阿利盖利·但丁 Not the least of the factors that make for success in any field of endeavor is….. 8. 并列动词的使用
Physical exercise can shield us from damaging effects brought by sedentary lifestyle, and stressful working conditions and prevent us from collapsing in front of a screen every night.
9. 连接3个以上的动词 Do A, doing B and thus doing C （现在分词连接） With the confidence, we can accumulate wealth, establishing our career and thus fitting into society.
10. Not only… but also… Not only will they accumulate their wealth, but they also will fit into the society.（放句首，形成倒装）
11. 三个以上并列 Not only A, but also B, and such benefits (problem) as C and D. P55
12. In terms of The world will be changing constantly in terms of technology and the internet is key to all the knowledge and information available in the world today. (主题) will give them an advantage in
terms of copying with(应对) the challenges of student life.
13. Admittedly…..Nevertheless…. Admittedly（诚然，）, as a source of entertainment, advertisements are very popular among children. Nevertheless（但是）, they may give young viewers some misleading impression.
14. While/whereas（转折） While some people link happiness to wealth and material success, others think it lies in emotions and loving personal relationships.
15. Even though（即使，插入语）
The cost of traveling, even though it is at present （制造隔离）increasing due to an economic slow-down globally, is still relatively affordable to many people.
16. Sth is not restricted to…., but is （复数变为are）also evident among（···并不只局限于，在···方面也很明显，递进） The benefits of being independent are not restricted to improving one’s energy, enthusiasm and charm.
17. be it…or… 无论是···还是···（表条件） The road to the victory may not be so long as we expected, but we have no right to count upon this. Be it long or short, rough or smooth, we mean to reach our journey’s end. (by Churchill 丘吉尔)
Traveling can not only enhance your understanding of different customs but also （get）rid of many damaging effects brought by sedentary life style, be it physical diseases or lake of mental courage.
18.1 状语结尾 Traffic（堵车，交通，流量） and pollution from vehicles（交通工具） have become huge problems, both in cities and on motorways.
Time should be cherished by everyone, especially in the times of knowledge explosion. 18.2状语前置 To do this To become successful By doing so Surely Obviously In many ways In some cases Unfortunately Specifically
19. 进一步解释 Put it another way（换句话讲） that is to say…（插入语） to put it mildly···（往小了说） to put it strong···（往大了说） In other words which mean··· which suggests that··· Which is best characterized that… With the underlying assumption that… 第三段： 举例的写法
1. 如果题干要求举例，就一定要举例 2. 可以举例子不展开，也可以举例+ 评论 Numerous cases exist to illustrate this point. Take sb for example, but for 主题， sb could not have done sth, let alone dong sth. Without 主题，how ……. (重复几次)
Take sb for example ,without 主题，how can sb do sth?
图表作文 第一段：引入图表 第二段：论述图表 第三段：呼应 正面 负面 第一段：写作策略
第一句：点出图标的来源Chart given by a certain company a certain organization 第二句：图表描述句 图表：柱状图 bar chart 饼状图 pie chart 线形图 line chart 表格 statistics , table chart, chart
一、 静态图 A makes up 34%, 51% stands for B, 9% refers to C, 6% is defined as D The total….is divided into four parts, with A and B making up % and % respectively. X % of 主题 is caused by A and B, constituting(由···构成) Y% and Z% respectively. 二、 动态图 1+1 点出变化，具体描述
看标题：定主题 看纵轴：定主语 看横轴：找变化
The past decade (2005-2013) has witnessed a great change that private car is playing an increasingly important role in people’s means of transportation.
As is shown above, the number of…..decreased, while the number of ….increased rapidly. 补充一些表示变化的词
上升：surge，climb to , rise, skyrocket, jump to, a steady rise, a steep increase (take)
下降：Plunge, decline, drop, fall descend
程度：sharp, drastic, dramatic, intensive, remarkable, sustained, temporary
The number/rate of A decreased considerably, dropping from X% in 年份 to Y% in 年份,while the corresponding figures for B increased dramatically, rising from T% to Z% over the same period.
倍数的表达方法 1. As much as。 A car runs 10 times as fast as a bike runs. 2. more than The population of China is 10 times larger than that of Japan.
第三句：总结句 总结：尽管图中的数字看起来是孤立存在的，但事实上他们是紧密相连的。Isolated as the figures seem to be, as a matter of fact, they are connected to one another closely.
1. 套话2. 设问：为什么变化 Why do so many young people go on with their study? 第二段：写作策略（因果展开法） 第一句：因果展开的套话 第二句：句群（展开原因）一、 可以具体原因具体分析 二、 可以借用平行展开法的语料 三、 可以用科学论证法补充
第三段：正面、负面评价、结论 正面：1.预测趋势不会变 2.展望未来(原因分析：
After considering all the information presented above, I, as most of others will do, safely draw the conclusion that the trend would continue as it is.
After all, it is an irreversible tendency.（这是个不可逆转的潮流） 负面话题：1. 带来危害的套话
Unfortunately，…… has triggered a series of negative effects, with ···being the foremost. Quite regrettable,···. Has brought some unforeseeable problems, with···being the foremost.
2.如果不加with，就写解决办法 3.展望（借用图画作文）
应用文的写作策略 题型：书信、告示
注意事项：1. 题干上的信息点覆盖到！ 2.书信通常分三段，告示一段也行
3. 格式 称呼：题干有明确对象时，按题干要求写。Dear Sir or Madam Dear friends 正文：空格式 署名：标题+要求
如何夸奖一个人 聪明 Intelligent, ingenious, talent, gifted, have insightful opinion
勤奋 diligent industrious, hardworking 性格 humorous amiable, sociable, enthusiastic, ready for help, cooperative, team spirit , leadership
考研英语-何凯文写作笔记
