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高考英语主谓一致教案

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主谓一致

一、概述: 主谓一致的三个基本原则是:语法一致、意义一致和就近原则。 “语法一致” 是指形式上的一致。即:主语为单数形式,谓语动词用单数形式;主语为复数形式,谓语 动词用复数形式。 “意义一致”是指有些主语形式上虽为单数, 而意义上是复数,谓语动词 用复数;同样有些主语形式上虽为复数,而意义上是单数,谓语动词用单数。 “就近原则” 是指谓语动词的单复数与最靠近它的名词或代词保持一致。

二、主谓一致的几种情况: (一)并列结构作主语的情况:

1、and 连接并列成分作主语的情况 :

⑴由and或both…and…连接的并列成分作主语时,谓语动词常用复数。如:

He and I are teachers. Both he and I are teachers.

⑵and连接的两部分表示同一个人、事物或概念时,谓语动词用单数。常见结构有: a

cart and house (一驾马车) , a cup and saucer (一套杯碟), a needle and thread (针 线), a watch and chain, a coat and tie, truth and honesty, medical help and cure, my house and home (我

的家), cause and effect (因果), supply and demand (供求关 系), pen and ink (笔墨),

whisky and sod a (威士忌和苏打,指一种酒) , war and peace (战争与和平) , a knife and fork

(刀叉), fish and potato chips

(鱼和炸土豆条) ,

(早睡早起) 。

the bread and butter (面包与黄油) , early to bed and early to rise

如: A knife and fork is on the table.

⑶由 and 连接两个带 the (a 或物主代词)的单数可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用复 数;如果只有前一个名词带

the( a或物主代词)时,谓语动词用单数。如:

The teacher and the doctor are Chinese. The teacher and doctor is a Chinese. 这位教师兼医生

是中国人。

⑷and前后均有each, every , no, many a…等修饰可数名词单数,构成并列成分作 主语时,谓语动词用单数。其中后一个限定词可以省略。如:

No sound and (no) voice is heard. Each man and (each) woman is here. Many a teacher and (many a) student has seen the film.

1

⑸由“ and 连接的前置并列修饰语 +不可数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用复数。如:

Good and bad meat in the market are sold out.

⑹“不可数名词+and连接的后置并列修饰语”作主语时,谓语动词用单数。如:

Beer from the USA and Germany is much better than that from Britain.

⑺由and连接的第二个名词(短语)表示否定或带有状语时,谓语动词与第一个名词 保持一致。如:

The parents and not the son were missing. The teacher students too , is likely to be present.

, and perhaps his

⑻what从句的并列式作主语时,并列完整式用复数;并列缩略式用单数。如:

What he says and what he thinks have nothing to do with me. What I say and do is my own affair.

注意这两句根据的是意义一致的原则:

What he says and does do not agree. 他言行不一致。

他的言行与我无关。

What he says and does does not concern me.

⑼由and连接的两个疑问代词、不定式或动名词作主语时,根据主语表达的意义,确 定谓语动词单复数形式(即意义一致原则)

。如:

Where and when to build the house is not decided. When to have the meeting

and who to hold the meeting are not decided yet. What caused the fire and how much the loss was are still unknown. 2、 “就近原则”:

由并歹U 连词 or , nor, not only …but also …,not …but …,either …or …, neither…nor…,

whether…or…等连接并列成分作主语,以及在 there/here be句型中有 并列成分作主语时, 谓语动词应

根据“就近原则”(在疑问句或倒装句中也应该根据“就近 原则”确定谓语动词的单复数)。如:

Not only he but also I am a teacher. Not only I but also he is a teacher. Is not only he but also I a teacher ? One or two friends are coming this evening.

2

3、 “就前原则”:

当主语后面接 with , together/along with (跟 ......... 一起),as well as (以及),as much

as (与 .. 一样多) ,such …as …,such as, besides/except/but (除外),in addition to

(除外),including (包括),like (如),rather than (而不是),without (没有),no less than (不少于),more than (多于),combined with (加上 ................. ),accompanied by (由 ..... 陪同),no less than 前原则”)。如:

等构成的短语修饰时,谓语动词仍与前面的主语保持一致(即“就

I as well as they am ready to help you. Tom as well as two of his friends was invited to the party. They except Jim are Chinese.

(二)单一成分作主语的情况 (一般情况下主语的人称和数决定谓语动词的单复数形式)

1、名词作主语的情况 :

⑴形复义单的名词。这类名词有news, means (方法),works (工厂),plastics (塑 料),

politics (政治), mathematics (数学), economics (经济学), mechanics (力学), athletics (运动), electronics (电学), classics (古典文学) , linguistics (语言学), statistics (统计学)等作主语时,谓语动词用单数;但当这类学科名词表示“具体的活 动,学业,见解,

原理,情况”等时,谓语动词用复数。如:

Politics is my weak subject. What are his politics ?他的政见如何?

⑵形复义复的名词 。这类名词有 glasses , trousers/plants (裤子), shoes, socks,

gloves , scissors , clothes , savings (储蓄金),belongings (财产),goods (货物), chopsticks ,compasses (圆规)等作主语时,谓语动词用复数;但当这些名词前带上了单

位词 pair , kind , type , sort , suit , series 等时,谓语动词的数应与单位词保持一致。 如:

His trousers are new. This pair of trousers is new.

⑶集合名词作主语 。 ①

动词常常用复数。这类名词有

有些集合名词作主语,谓语

people (人们),police

(民兵),

(警察),cattle (牲口),oxen (牛),folk (人们),youth (青年人),militia

poultry (家禽), the Greens (格林一家)等。但注意如果以上一些名词的意义发生变化 时,其谓语动

词不一定用复数形式。如:

3

高考英语主谓一致教案

主谓一致一、概述:主谓一致的三个基本原则是:语法一致、意义一致和就近原则。“语法一致”是指形式上的一致。即:主语为单数形式,谓语动词用单数形式;主语为复数形式,谓语动词用复数形式。“意义一致”是指有些主语形式上虽为单数,而意义上是复数,谓语动词用复数;同样有些主语形式上虽为复数,而意义上是单数,谓语动词用单数。“就近原则”是指谓语动词的单复数与最靠近它的名词
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