虚拟语气用法 英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气、疑问语气和感叹语气五类。 1、表示动作或状态是客观存在的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句中。 China is an Asian country. (肯定句) How interesting my stay in China has been! (感叹句) 2、祈使句表示说话人对对方的请求、警告，建议或命令。如: Please come over here. 请到这边来。 Watch your steps! 当心!(走路) 3、虚拟语气表示说话者做出的假设而非事实，或难以实现的情况，甚至表达彻底相反的概念。此外，如需表达主观愿望或某种强烈的感情时，也可用虚拟语气。虚拟语气是由句中的谓语动词的特殊形式表示出来的。如:
If I were a bird，I would be able to fly in the air. 如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。 I wish I could pass the examination. 我希望我能通过考试。 一、状语从句中的虚拟语气 虚拟类型 (1) 与现在事实相反 (2) 与过去事实相反 条件从句 V-ed过去式（be动词用were） had done过去完成时 ① Should + V.原形 ② were to +V.原形 ③ V-ed过去式 (4) If省略条件句 (5) 错综条件句 (6) 含蓄条件句 虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were, should, had时，if可以省略，这时条件从句要用倒装语序，即把were, should, had等词置于句首。 主句和条件从句的谓语动作若不是同时发生时，虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。 条件会暗含在短语中，如without, but for，otherwise等。 for fear that，in case，lest引导的从句中，用虚拟语气时，从句谓语为: (should) + do (7) 目的状语从句 so that，in order that所引导的目的状语从句中 从句谓语为: can / could / may / might / will / would /should + do 主句 should/could/would/might + V.原形 should/could/would/might + have done (3) 与将来事实相反 should/could/would/might + V.原形 二、宾语从句中的虚拟语气 ① 现在事实相反的愿望，从句谓语用 + V-ed或过去进行时 （1）wish/wished ② 与过去事实相反的愿望，从句谓语+ had done + could/would have done ③ 与将来事实相反的愿望，从句谓语could/would + V.原形 if only引导的感叹句和as if/as though引导的状语从句也有与wish相同用法 还有一些表愿望的短语：would just as soon 倒宁愿/prefer宁愿/ (2) would rather，had rather，would sooner等表示与客观事实不相符的一种愿望 表示现在或将来的愿望，用V-ed (be 用were ) 表过去的愿望，用 had + done I'd rather you came next Saturday. 我宁愿你下星期六来。 l'd rather you had been / hadn't been present。我 (宁) 愿你当时在场 / 不在场。 （2）表“坚持” insist that +（should） do （3）表“命令” （4）表“建议” （5）表“要求” （6）表“提议” （7）表“希望，打算” （8）其他 注意：句中出现上述词语的名词形式时也用虚拟语气 “insist意为\坚持某种动作\才用虚拟语气；意为\坚持某种观点，某个事实\则不用虚拟语气。 order，command + that …（should）do advise，suggest，propose，recommend + that …（should）do 注意：suggest作“建议”讲时用虚拟；作“表明”讲时不用虚拟。 ask，demand，require，request+ that …（should）do move，vote+ that …（should）do desire，intend+ that …（should）do urge敦促；arrange安排； direct指示；prefer宁愿； Your advice that she（should）wait till next week is reasonable. My suggestion was that the meeting（should）be put off till next week. 三、定语从句中的虚拟语气 句式（1） It is /was (high/about) time that …V-ed (be用were)… 早该做……的时候了（优先使用过去式） that…should do…（should不可以省略） 句式 (2 ) It is the first/second time that …have/has done…这是某人第一/二/三...次做某事。 It was the first time that …had done… 四、主语从句中的虚拟语气 句式（1）It is+ adj./n.+ that +主语从句 （从句的谓语动词常用should+原形且should的省略要看情况而定） 表情绪、观点的形容词或名词，如：necessary、important、impossible、natural、strange、surprising、funny、right、wrong、better、a pity 、the shame、no wonder、imperative[?m?per?t?v] 等。 如：It is strange that such a person should be our friend.(should表示\竟然\的语气，不可省。) 句式（2）It is+ adj.+ that +主语从句（从句的谓语动词常用should+原形） （礼貌委婉地表达情况的紧迫性可用虚拟语气） 表示紧迫的形容词，如:advisable，best，critical，desirable，essential，imperative，important，necessary，urgent，vital等。 如：It's vital that you make a decision right now . 你立刻就做决定是至关重要的。 一、虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的应用 条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。 非真实条件句表示的是假设或实际可能性不大的甚至完全不可能发生的情况，故采用虚拟语气。 1、表示与现在事实相反的情况： 条件从句：主语+V过去时 主句：主语+ should/would/could/might + do If I were you, I would take an umbrella. 如果我是你，我会带把伞。（事实：我不可能是你） If there were no air or water, there would be no living things on the earth. If I had any money with me, I could lend you some. 如果我带钱了，我就会借给你些。 2、表示与过去事实相反的情况 条件从句：主语+ had done 主句：主语 + should/would/could/might + have done If I had got there earlier, I should/could have met her. 如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。
If he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake. 如果他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯
这样的错误了。
3、表示对将来情况的主观推测
条件从句：① if+主语+ were to do
② if+主语+ did/were 主句：主语+ should/would/could/might + do ③ if+主语+ should do
If he should come here tomorrow, I would talk to him. 如果他明天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈。
If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating. 如果下周日下大雪，我们就不能去滑
冰了。
If she were to be here next Monday, I would tell her about the matter.
如果她下周一来这儿的话，我就会告诉她这件事的始末。
4、 有时，虚拟条件句中，结果主句和条件从句的谓语动作若不是同时发生时，虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。这种条件句叫 错综条件句。
① 从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。
If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too.如果我在学校学习刻苦的话，我现在也会成为
一个工程师了
If they had informed us, we would not come here now. 如果他们通知过我们的话，我们现在就不会来这里
了。
② 从句的动作与现在事实相反，而主句的动作与过去事实不符。
If he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing. 如果他今天有空的话，我们会已经派他去北京了。 If he knew her, he would have greeted her. 要是他认识她的话，他肯定会去问候她了。
5、 当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were, should, had时，if可以省略，这时条件从句要用倒装语序，即 把were, should, had等词置于句首，这种多用于书面语。
Should he agree to go there, we would send him there.要是他答应去的话，我们就派他去。
Were she here, she would agree with us.如果她在这儿的话，她会同意我们的。 Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here. 如果他懂一些电脑知识的话，我们已经聘用他来这里工作了。
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