名师指导：2010年考研英语阅读六大题型解题技巧
2005年考研英语改革以来，阅读理解部分不管是文章选择还是题型考查都相当的稳定，词汇考查和题目难度每年的变化亦不大。因此在备考2010年度考研英语阅读理解的冲刺阶段，除了一如既往地巩固词汇，加强句子的阅读能力以及保持良好的考试状态以外，对考研阅读理解题型的清晰了解和准备是备考最后阶段非常重要的一环，在考场上，归根结底是为了做对题，从题型的角度出发进行最后的冲刺是十分必要的。
根据考试大纲要求和历年真题解析可以看出，考研阅读理解最常考的题型分别有：词汇含义题、主旨标题题、细节事实题、推理判断题、功能举例题、态度倾向题。
接下来我就扣紧这六种题型进行解题技巧的分析，并分别举出近两年的真题进行讲解。
词汇含义题
这是每年的必考题。其实质考查的并不是词汇量，而是考生在上下文语境下解析出词汇含义的能力，因此主要是上下文理解的能力。这种题型不需要全文定位，答案往往就在出题句旁边的三句话内。
我们将上下文的关系进行简单的解析，分成顺接和逆接两类。也就是说，如果这三句话内并没有出现任何的对比和转折，我们可以认为前后内容是一致的，逻辑是连贯的，那么划线部分的词义和前后是相同或相似的关系，它的意思可以通过前后两句得出。
如果中间出现了对比转折词，比如but, however, yet, nevertheless, instead of, in spite of, though, although, in contrast, while, on the contrary等，那么前后的关系就是相反或相对的。
(06-01)In spite of \talk of difference\，American society is an amazing machine for homogenizing people. There is \democratizing uniformity of dress and discourse，and the casualness and absence of deference\culture. People are absorbed into \culture of consumption\launched by the 19th--century department stores that offered \atmosphere。
21.The word \
[A] identifying [B] associating [C] assimilating [D] monopolizing
这题很典型，可以从两个角度来做题。首先从结构上来看，回到文中，会发现前面有in spite of，说明前后是对比转折的关系。因此，这个词的意思应该是与difference相对，从选项中可以看出只有C表示同化的意思。即使不认识这个词，也能从他的词根sim上看出similar，与difference相反的意思。
另外，这题也可以从词汇角度来做。因为提问的词是一个动词，所以可以从上下文中寻找动词。在后面两句中发现了be absorbed into，中间没有对比转折，说明两者是相同或相
似的意思--被吸收。看一下选项，只有C是有同化、吸收的意思，自然就是正确答案。
主旨标题题
这个题型近年来是考查的重点，08年的真题考到了4个题目，同时它也是选项创新中最常实现的题型。它常常考查就是整篇文章或是某段落的主旨，或者要求为文章选一个合适的标题。
它的做法就是要找到文章的要点，而跳过行文中大量的细节。在一篇文章中往往最为重要就是文章的首末段，而在一个段落内往往最为重要的也是段落的首末句，因此这个题型的要点就是重点考查文章首末段的首末句，从中得到中心词以及文章的核心。
(07-03-35)Which of the following is the best title for this text?
[A] The Middle Class on the Alert [B] The Middle Class on the Cliff。
[C] The Middle Class in Conflict [D] The Middle Class in Ruins。
这是标题题，重点考查文章主旨。直接看一下文首末段的首末名来确定答案。从选项可以看出，重点是在讨论中产阶级(middle class)，主题是一致的。
(首段)During the past generation, the American middle-class family that once could count on hard work and fair play to keep itself financially secure had been transformed by economic risk and new realties. Now a pink slip, a bad diagnosis, or a disappearing spouse can reduce a family from solidly middle class to newly poor in a few months。
(末段)From the middle-class family perspective, much of this, understandably, looks far less like an opportunity to exercise more financial responsibility, and a good deal more like a frightening acceleration of the wholesale shift of financial risk onto their already overburdened shoulders. The financial fallout has begun, and the political fallout may not be far behind。
从首句可以看出主干的核心动词是transform改变。后一句，主体意思表达也是中产阶级将变穷(reduce to newly poor)，因此这其中负面的意味非常明显。
从最后一段的首句，分析出主干后会发现对于中产阶级来说目前的局势完全不是机会，而是挑战，(looks far less like an opportunity, and more like a acceleration of risk)可以看出中产阶级的生活正在发生巨大的变化，处在悬崖边上(on the cliff)，答案为B，其余的答案都太大和太小。
细节事实题
这是考研阅读考试中的重点题型，每年大概都有近一半的题目。主要考查的是对于文章
具体细节事实的了解和判断，以及将文章内容和选项本身进行对比分析的能力。因此，这个题型最能体现句子解析能力，同时我们也发现做这个题的时候，词汇固然重要，但从结构上把握句子，有的时候能事半功倍，不完全认识词汇也能把题解决。
(07-01-23) According to Ericsson, good memory
[A] depends on meaningful processing of information。
[B] results from intuitive rather than cognitive exercises。
[C] is determined by genetic rather than psychological factors。
[D] requires immediate feedback and a high degree of concentration。
This success, coupled with later research showing that memory itself is not genetically determined, led Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one. In other words, whatever inborn differences two people may exhibit in their abilities to memorize, those differences are swamped by how well each person \learn how to encode information meaningfully, Ericsson determined, was a process known as deliberate practice. Deliberate practice entails more than simply repeating a task. Rather, it involves setting specific goals, obtaining immediate feedback and concentrating as much on technique as on outcome。
这是完全开放的细节题，只能以选项进行一个一个的查找。A选项比较没有特色，我们先看B，里面的两个词intuitive、cognitive不是太熟，但可以发现它们在文中是原词再现的。对比一下，会发现在结构上就不同。文章是the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one，选项是results from intuitive rather than cognitive exercises，文章强调的是more的后面cognitive，而选项强调的是rather than的前面intuitive，明显是不同的。
再看C，文章中是memory itself is not genetically determined，选项是is determined by genetic rather than psychological factors，强调的是rather than的前面genetic,这与原文相反，排除。
再看D, 文章是it involves setting specific goals, obtaining immediate feedback and concentrating as much on technique as on outcome. 选项是requires immediate feedback and a high degree of concentration，文中提到了goals, feedback, concentration三个内容，而选项中只有后两者，信息明显缺失，排除。
再看A，定位到文章后发现文中是And the best way to learn how to encode information meaningfully, Ericsson determined, was a process known as deliberate practice. 其中的encode与选项中的process是同义转化，答案为A。
推理判断题
名师指导：考研英语阅读六大题型解题技巧
