1．人体主要器官前缀
名称 通用名 前（后）缀 形容词 ↓此列均为炎症（-itis） 示例 心 heart cardio - cardial carditis/ cardiology 脑 brain encepholo- cerebral encephalitis/ encephalology
肺 lung pulmo- pulmonary pulmonitis/ pulmonectomy/ pulmonology 肝 liver hepato- hepatic hepatitis/ hepatobiliary/ hepatology 胃 stomach gastro- gastric gastritis/ gastrointestinal/ gastrology 胆 gallbladder chole- biliary holecystitis/ cholinergic/ cholecystectomy 肠 intestine entero- intestinal enteritis/ enterectomy/ enterology 脾 spleen splen- splenic splenitis/ splenectomy/ splenology 胰 pancreas pancreato- pancreatic pancreatitis/ pancreatectomy
肾 kidney nephro- renal/ nephric nephritis/ nephropathy/ nephrology
2．与人体系统、器官有关的前（后）缀
名称 通用名 前（后）缀 示例
血 blood hemo-/hemato hematology/ hemoglobin/ hematoma 血管 vessel vaso- vasopressor/ cardiovasology/ verebrovascular 静脉 vein veno- venography/ intravenous/ venoconstriction 动脉 artery arterio- arteriology/ arteriole/ arteriosclerosis 肌 muscle myo- mycology/ myositis/ myocarditis 髓 marrow myel-/myelo- myelocyte/ myelitis/ myeloma 神经 nerve neur-/neyro- neurology/ neuritis/ neuron 细胞 cell cyto-/-cyte cytology/ cytoma/ leukocyte 尿 urine uro-/ur- urology/ urosurgery/ urogenital 体 body somato-/some somatology/ somatopsychic/ chromosome
3．与数字有关的前缀
数字 前缀 示例
一（单） mono-/uni- monomer/ monoclone/ carbon monoxide/ unidirectional 二 bi-/di- bilateral/ biphasiccarbon dioxide/dipeptide 三 tri- trilateral/ triphasic/ trigeminal nerve 四 tetra- tetramer/ tetracycline/ tetraplegia 五 penta- pentagon/ pentachromic/ pentachloride
六 hexa- hexachromic/ benzene hexachloride(666)/ hexacycliccompiund 七 hepta- heptachromic/ heptaploid/ heptavalent 八 octa- octahedral/ octal system 九 nona- nonapeptide/ nonagon
十 deca- d ecade/ decagram/ decaliter
注：十位数的表示一般为：个位数前缀+deca，如：hexadecanol（十六烷醇），
tetradecapeptidegastrin（十四肽胃泌素）， octadecanoic acid（十八烷酸）
4．颜色及与颜色有关的前缀
颜色 通用名 前缀 示例
色 color chrom-/chromo- chromosome/ chromatin/ chromatometer 红 red erythro- erythrocyte/ erythrocyturia/ erythrometer 白 white leuko- leukocyte/ leukemia/ leukocytuira 黑 black melano- melena/ melanoma/ melanoderma 黄 yellow xantho- xanthopsin/ xanthosis/ xanthoma 绿 green
棕 brown brown mixture/ brown ring
橙 orange Victoria orange/ ethyl orange/ orange G 粉红 pink oink frothy sputum 绯红 crimson
青铜 bronzed bronzed diabetes
蓝 blue cyan-/cyano cyanosis/ cyanopsia/ cyanemia 紫 violet/ purple 注：有些病名的“蓝”“紫”“青”为同义，其前缀都为“cyano-”.
5．与疾病和疾患有关的前（后）缀(1) 含义 前（后）缀 形容词 示例
病 patho- pathogen/ pathology/ pathogenesis/
-pathy -pathic neuropathy/ nephropathy/ adenopathy
病态 -osis –otic neurosis/ tuberculosis/ schistosomiasis 增多 leukocytosis/ erythrocytopenia/ granulocytosis 减少 -penia -penic leukocytopenia/ erythrocytopenia/ granulocytopenia 无 a-/an- atypical/ anuria/ agranulocytopenia 小/微 -let droplet/ platelet/ leaflet micro- microscopy/ microorganism/ micronucleus 大/巨 macro- macroscopic/ macronucleus/ macrophage -megaly splenomegaly/ acromegaly/ hepatomegaly 复合/多 poly- polyuria/ polymer/ polyopia 全/泛 pan- pancolectomy/ panmyelosis/ pandemic
6．与疾病和疾患有关的前（后）缀(2)
含义 前（后）缀 示例
相反 dis- disease/ disorder/ disability 困难/障碍 dys- dysfunction/ dyspepsia/ dyspnea 不良 mal- malfunction/ malnutrition/ malpractice 炎症 -itis appendicitis/ bronchitis/ arthritis 瘤/块 -oma lymphoma/ adenoma/ hematoma 血症 -emia leukemia/ septisemia/ bacteremia 痛 -algia/-algesia/alge-/algo- analgesia/ hypoalgesia/ algometer 麻痹 -plegia hemipleia/ pamplegia/ myoplegia 流出 -rrhea diarrhea/ hypermenorrhea/ rhinorrhea
坏死 -necrosis /necro-/necr- hepatonecrosis/ myonecrosis/ necrospermia 结石 litho-/-lith lithiasis/ lithogenesis/ cholelithes
7．与方位有关的前缀
含义 通用词 前缀 示例
上 upper/superior pi-/supra- epidemic/ epithelium/ supracostal 下 lower/inferior nfra-/sub- infracostal/ subclavicular/ subcutaneous 前 front/anterior/prior fore-/ante- /pre- forehead/ anteroposterior/ precirrhosis 后 back/posterior post-/retro- posthepatic/ postprandial/ retrocardiac 内 inner/internal in-/endo-/ento- inhalation/ endoscopy/ entocranial 外 outer/external ex-/exo- extract/ excretion/ exocardial 间 between inter- intermuscular/ intercostal/ intercourse 旁/副 on the side of para- parathyroid/ paraprotein/ pararenal 周 around peri- perioperative/ pericarditis/ peritoneum 中心 central centri-/centra- /centro- centrifugation/ centralize/ centronucleus 反/对 opposite counter-/contra- counterpart/ countershock/ contraindication
注： in vivo/in’vaivou/活体内; in vitro/in vaitrou/活体外或试管内； in situ/in’saitju:/原位
8．与外科手术有关的前（后）缀
含义 前（后）缀 示例
切除 -ectomy appendectomy/ gastrectomy/ splenectomy 切开 -tomy tracheotomy/ hysterotomy/ craniotomy 切（割） -tome tracheotome/ thoracotome
吻合 -stomy duodenoenterostomy/ gastroesophagostomy 成形术 -plasty tracheoplasty/ osteoplasty/ myoplasty 整（矫）形 ortho- orthopedics/ orthopod/ orthotherapy 造影 -graphy angiography/ nephrography/ phlebography 经… trans- transdominal/ translateral/ transurethral 注： ortho-也是“正”“原”的前缀，如：ortho-acid（正酸） -graphy为方法，如：electrocardigraphy心电图检查术；
graph为仪器，如：electrocardigraph心电图机； gram为图象，文字，如：electrocardiogram心电图记录。
9．与化学品有关的前（后）缀
含义 前（后）缀 示例
酸盐 ate sulfate/ nitrate/ acetate 醇 -ol alcohol/ propanol/ taxol 醛 -al retinal/ methylal/ propanal 酮 -one acetone/ progesterone/ ketone 糖 glyco- glycogenolysis saccharo- saccharomyces -saccharide polysaccharide
酶 -ase reductase/ transminase/ kinase 素 -in penicillin/ heparin/ nuclein 原 -gen allogen/ antigen/ glycogen 苯基/酚 phen-/pheno- phenol/ phenate/ phenetidin 氨基 amino- aminobenzene/ aminopherase/ aminopyrine
医学专业英语 词根最终打印版
