职称英语基础班基础班第21讲讲义
分词
分词 导言
分词在英语中是非常活跃的语言现象。在学习分词的过程中应该明确，在大多数情况下分词只是从句的一种省略形式，目的在于使语言更为简练，尤其在笔头上。所以无论是现在分词，还是过去分词都与从句的主动被动，时态有着密切的关系。注意将分词短语与从句加以比较，对于理解分词有很大的帮助。因此我们在设计练习时，为同学准备相应的练习，请多加注意。
▲ 分词的构成
现在分词──动词原形+ing
过去分词──动词原形+ed（部分分词有不规则变化） 分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种。
现在分词---通常含有主动和进行两个概念。 过去分词---通常含有被动和完成两个概念。
▲ 分词做表语
● The film that we saw yesterday was really moving. 我们昨天看的那场电影确实感人。 （电影使人感动，所以用现在分词）
I am moved.
● The story is very interesting. 这个故事很有意思。
（故事使人感兴趣，用现在分词）
● They are interested in the story. 他们对这故事很感兴趣。
（故事使他们感兴趣，他们是承受者，用过去分词）
注：现在分词和过去分词做表语时，因为它们很像形容词，很多词典已经把它们例为形容词或某种习惯，用法如to be interested in, to be excited on.
▲ 分词做定语
单独一个分词做定语通常放在所修饰的名词前面。
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●an understanding man =a man who understands others. 一个能理解别人的人。 （现在分词表示主动） Misunderstood an misunderstood man
●a developing country =a country which is developing 发展中国家。
（现在分词表示进行）
●smoked fish =fish which has been smoked 熏鱼。
（过去分词表示被动和完成）
●a developed country =a country which has been developed 发达国家。
（过去分词表示完成） I like to watch falling snow. Fallen snow
分词短语做定语往往放在所修饰的名词之后，实际上是一个定语从句的省略，但要注意不是所有的定语从句都能用分词代替。关键在于定语从句的时态。下面举例说明。
●The girl sitting in that corner is a good singer. 分词短语做定语
=The girl who is sitting in that corner is a good singer. 坐在角落的那个姑娘是个好歌手。 （现在分词短语做定语时表示的是进行）
●Do you know the way leading into the mountain ? 现在分词短语做定语
=Do you know the way that leads into the mountain? 你知道进山的那条路吗？
（将which省略，将leads改为现在分词。从上面句子可以看出，现在分词短语做定语也可以表示与谓语动作同时发生）。
●The proposal made by him will be discussed.
=The proposal that was made by him, will be discussed. 他提出的提议将被讨论。
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上句所定名词proposal是make动作的承受者，所以用过去分词。我们可以从定语从句中看出。过去分词含有被动含有完成也就是该分词的动作发生在谓语动词之前。
● The goods ordered from abroad will soon be delivered.
=The goods, which were ordered from abroad, will soon be delivered.
从国外定的货很快就会被送来。
● Do you know the name of the book written by our teacher?
=Do you know the name of the book that was written by our teacher? 你知道我们老师写的那本书的书名吗？ （意思是该书已写出来了）
▲ 分词做状语
分词做状语实际上就是一个并列句或状语从句的省略，并对句子稍做改动。
● She stood there and hesitated because she didn’t know what to do.
=She stood there and hesitated, not knowing what to do. ● As he is a clever boy， he studies very well.
=Being a clever boy, he studies very well. 因为他是个聪明孩子，所以他学习很好。
● When she was asked about it, she said she knew nothing.
=(When) asked about it, she said she knew nothing. 当问起她这件事时，她说她不知道。
注：上句用过去分词，因其是一个从被动语态的从句省略而来，有时我们可以保留一些连词，像when, while等。
● If they are applied in agriculture, the machines will save farmers much labor.
=If applied in agriculture, the machines will save farmers much labor. 如果将这些机器用于农业，就可以省去农民很多劳动。
注：如果连词是if，我们通常保留。
▲ 现在分词做宾语补语
可以用于这种结构的动词有hear，see，notice，watch等感官动词。
● I saw the boy climbing the tree. 我看到那个孩子在爬树。 ● I saw the boy climb the tree.
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职称英语培训课件21
