圣才电子书 www.100xuexi.com 十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台 第9章 语义学
I. Fill in the blanks.
1. According to G Leech ____ meaning is the communicative value an expression has by virtue of what it refers to, over and above its purely conceptual content. (北二外2006研)
【答案】Connotative
【解析】利奇认为内涵意义是指通过语言所指传达的意义，是位于纯粹的概念意义之上的。
2. According to G Leech ____ meaning refers to logic, cognitive, or denotative content. (北二外2005研) 【答案】Conceptual
【解析】利奇认为概念意义是指逻辑的、认知的、外延的内容。
3. According to G. Leech _____ meaning refers to what is communicated of the feelings and attitudes of the speaker／writer. (北二外2007研) 【答案】Affective
【解析】利奇认为感情意义是指所传达的关于说话人/作者感情、态度方面的意义。
4. The theory of meaning which relates the meaning of a word to the thing it refers to, or stands for, is known as the _____ theory. (中山大学2008研) 【答案】Referential
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圣才电子书 www.100xuexi.com 十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台 【解析】把词语意义跟它所指称或所代表的事物联系起来的理论，叫做指称理论。
5. _____ is the technical name for the sameness relation. (北二外2007研) 【答案】Synonymy
【解析】同义关系是相同关系的专业术语，完全的同义关系是很少的。所谓的同义词都是依赖语境的，它们总是在这方面或那方面有所不同。
6. Terms like “apple”, “banana” and “pear” are _____ of the term “fruit”. (北二外2007研) 【答案】hyponyms
【解析】上下义关系是指意义内包关系或者说一种类和成员间的关系。题中“苹果，香蕉，梨”都是“水果”的下义词。
7. “Mary gave a book to Jack’’ is synonymous with “Jack ____ a book from Mary.” (北二外2005研) 【答案】received
【解析】同义关系句的表达，“Mary给 Jack书”即“Jack从Mary那得到一本书”。
8. Terms like “rolling pin” and “ladle” are ____of the term “kitchen implements”. (北二外2005研) 【答案】hyponyms
【解析】“擀面杖”和“勺子”都属于“厨房用具”的下义词。
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圣才电子书 www.100xuexi.com 十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台 9. Antonyms like “husband” vs. “wife” are ____ antonyms. (北二外2003研) 【答案】converse
【解析】反向反义关系是反义关系的一种特殊类型，典型地表现在两两相对的社会角色、亲属关系、时间和空间等方面；丈夫与妻子的关系属于此种反义关系。
10. Terms like “desk” and “stool” are _____ of the term “furniture”. (北二外
2003研)
【答案】(co-)hyponyms
【解析】在上下义关系中，一个坐标词通常有很多下义词。同类中的成员叫做同下义词。题中 “桌子”和“凳子”都是“家具”的下义词。
11. In their book ______ written in l923, C.K. Ogden and I.A. Richards presented a
“representative list of the main definitions which reputable students of meaning have favoured.” There are 16 major categories of them, with sub-categories all together, numbering 22. （中山大学2011年研） 【答案】The Meaning of Meaning
【解析】C.K. Ogden and I.A. Richards在《意义的意义》一书中展现了卓越的学生当时倾向的有代表性的的定义。）
12. Predication analysis is to break down predications into their constituents: _____
and _____
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圣才电子书 www.100xuexi.com 十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台 【答案】Argument; predicate
【解析】述谓结构分析把述谓结构分析分割为论元和谓词。其中谓词是控制论元的主要要素。
13. ______ is concerned with the inherent meaning of the linguistic form.
【答案】Sense
【解析】涵义是指语言形式的内在意义。
14. ______ opposites may be seen in terms of degrees of quality involved.
【答案】Gradable
【解析】等级对立设计质量级别。
15. Corpus linguistics deals with the principles and practice of using _____ in
language study. (中山大学2005研) 【答案】corpora
【解析】语料库语言学指论述语言研究中使用语料的原理和实践。
II. Multiple Choices.
1. When the word “root” means “part of plant that keeps it firmly in the soil and absorbs water and food from the soil”, the meaning is _____ meaning. (北二外2004研) A. connotative
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圣才电子书 www.100xuexi.com 十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台 B. conceptual C. reflected 【答案】B
【解析】概念意义指逻辑的、认知的、外延的内容，题中对“root”的解释正是此项。
2. ______ deals with the relationship between the linguistic element and the non-linguistic world experience. (西安交大2008研) A. Reference B. Concept C. Semantics D. Sense 【答案】A
【解析】指称指拥有某些属性的具体实体，它处理的是语言元素与非语言世界的关系。
3. Which of the following is NOT included in G. Leech’s seven types of meaning? (大连外国语学院2008研) A. Connotative meaning. B. Denotative meaning. C. Conceptual meaning. 【答案】B
【解析】利奇提出的7种意义分别为概念意义，内涵意义，社会意义，感情意义，反射意义，搭配意义和主位意义。
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George Yule《语言研究》章节题库-第9~12章【圣才出品】
