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初中英语语法讲座讲课讲稿

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初中英语语法讲座

这一讲里,主要帮助同学们掌握名词、冠词、数词的用法,特别是针对同学不易掌握的方面。 一、名词

关于名词,我们必须掌握名词的数,名词的格。

单数---可用a、an来修饰可数名词单数,在元音发音开头的单词前用an,而不是a

可数名词

名词的根据数

复数 不可数名词

1.复数的构成方法:

(1)一般在复数名词后加s,如:dog--dogs。

(2)以s、x、ch、sh结尾的名词加es,如:watch--watches。

(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i加es,如:country--countries。 请区别:如果是元音字母加y结尾的名词,则只须加s如:monkey--monkeys。 (4)以o结尾的名词,只有potato(土豆),tomato(西红柿)加es 构成复数。 (5)以f、fe结尾的名词,变f、fe为v再加es,如:knife--knives。

2.单复数形式相同的词:sheep--sheep,fish—fish, Chinese--Chinese,Japanese--Japanese 3.特殊变化的单词有:(1)tooth--teeth,foot-- feet

(2)man--men,woman--women,policeman--policemen, Frenchman--Frenchmen 请区别:German(德国人)--Germans (3)child—children

4.常以复数形式出现的名词:people(人),clothes(衣服),trousers(裤子) glasses(眼镜) ,这些名词作主语时,同学们应特别注意它们的谓语,用复数。

如:My clothes are (be) newer than yours.

5.有些名词看似复数形式,实际上是单数。这一点是同学不易掌握的,应特别加以记忆。如:news(消息),maths(数学),physics(物理)

No news is good news.

6.可用how many,many,a few,few,a lot of,lots of,some,any等来修饰可数名词复数。 How many are there in your pencil-box? (knife) 不可数名词:

1.常见的不可数名词有:water,rice,fish,meat,等。

应特别记medicine,news,work,homework,housework,money,chalk,weather,cotton,wood. 2.不可数名词无复数,作主语时常看成单数。 如:Some bread over there. (be)

3.常用how much, much, a little, little, a lot of ,some, any等来修饰不可数名词。

4.常用a piece of, a cup of等来表示不可数名词的量。如要表达“两片面包”这样的意义,bread仍为不可数名词,不加s,而piece则可加s。即:two pieces of bread

请区别:可数名词也可用量来表示,如:三箱苹果three boxes of apples 例: 1、These two pieces of bread are over there.(be)

2、Could I have three ,please?

A. piece of bread B. .piece of breads C. pieces of bread D .pieces of breads 名词的格

名词所有格的构成方法,在名词后加“ 's”。如:Tom→ Tom's译为“…的”,若遇上以s结尾的复数名词,则在s后加“ '”即可。如:Teachers' Day , two weeks' holiday,而不以s结尾的复数名词的所有格,仍按惯例加's 。如:Children's Day

关于名词所有格,应掌握以下几点:

1.可用名词所有格表示地点。如:my aunt's 我姑姑家。 go to the doctor's 去医生家。 2.表示两人共同拥有,在最后一个名词后加's如:Lucy and Lily's 露西和莉莉的 3.掌握词组:a girl of five 一个五岁的女孩 a friend of mine 我的一个朋友 eg ; The white shirt is and blue one is

A、Kate ,my B .Kate's ,mine C .Kate ,mine D .Kate's, my 二、冠词

冠词是词汇中的基础的,也是简单的部分,所以同学们有必要掌握其基本用法,中考也会体现这一点。归纳起来,同学们应该掌握以下几点:

1.冠词指不定冠词a, an和定冠词the

2.不定冠词an常用于元音发音开头的词前,如:an hour, an English car. 请区别:a useful machine 3.指上文提到过的人或物,用定冠词the

4.在世界上独一无二的事物前用定冠词the.如:the sun ,the moon, the earth 5.定冠词the用于序数词前,表示方位的名词和形容词最高级前。 如:the first, the best ,in the south

6.在复数姓氏前加the,表示××一家人,常看成复数。

如:The Browns are going to Shanghai for a holiday this summer. 7.在介词短语中常用定冠词the,如:in the box ,behind the chair 8.特别注意不能用定冠词the的几个方面:

(1)在节日、星期、月份、季节、年等词前不用冠词。如:in summer, in August 请区别:in the spring of 1945. (这里表示特指,故加the)

(2)一日三餐和球类运动名不用冠词。 如:have breakfast ,play football (3)一些固定词组中,如:go to bed ,go to school ,by bus ,,at night. 9.在有些词组中,有冠词和无冠词意思不同,请注意区别:

in front of 在…前面 in the hospital 在医院里 in the front of 在…范围内的前部 in hospital (生病)住院 There's 800-metre-long road behind hospital.

A. an, an B .a, a C .an, the D. a, the 三、数词

同学们首先应会读会写所有基数词和序数词,以及与数词有关的钟点表达法。对数词的考查,中考常采用单选题及听力题,这些题型归纳起来,应掌握以下几点特别容易出错的地方。

1.基数词变序数词。其规律为:

1,2,3特殊记,加th 从4起 (first, second, third, fourth) 8少t,9去e,千万别忘记 (eighth ,ninth) 逢5逢12,ve变f (fifth ,twelfth) 20到90,y要变ie (twentieth ,ninetieth) 若是几十几,前基后序别倒位 (ninety-first)

2.hundred,thousand,million 在构成具体的数字时用单数形式。 如:five hundred people. 只有在表达笼统的多数时才加s,构成复数形式。 hundreds of 数以百计的,成百上千的 thousands of 数以千计的,成千上万的 millions of 数百万的 这些词组前不能用具体数字。 3.序数词常与定冠词the 连用。

eg: Henry has learned eight French words this year.

A. hundred B. hundreds C .hundred of D .hundreds of The lesson is the most difficult one in Book Two. (twenty) 另外,同学们还应掌握与数词有关的钟点表达法。

顺读法(钟点+分钟) 如:4:30 four thirty 4:45 four forty-five 4:15 four fifteen

倒读法(分钟+to/past+钟点) 如:4:30 half past four 4:15 fifteen past four/a quarter past four 4:45 fifteen to five/a quarter to five 练习题

1.At the beginning of the_______(twenty) century, the world's population was about 1700 million. 2.Are these_____(watch)yours? Yes.

3.You don't look well. You'd better go to the______(doctor) at once. 4.Would you give me ________, please?

A. two papers B .two piece of paper C. two pieces of paper D .two pieces of papers 5.There are three _____and seven ____in the picture. A. monkeys , sheeps B. monkeys, sheep C. monkies, sheep D. monkies, sheeps 6.A lot of____ are talking with two_______.

A. Germans, Frenchmans B. Germen, Frenchmans C. German, Frenchmen D. Germans, Frenchmen 7.June 1 is ______________.

A. the Children's Day B. the C hildrens' Day C .Children's Day D. Childrens' Day 思考题

1.__________people went out to see what had happened.

A. Thousands of B. Three thousand of C. Thousand of D. Three thousands 2.We have been in the school for______.

初中英语语法讲座讲课讲稿

初中英语语法讲座这一讲里,主要帮助同学们掌握名词、冠词、数词的用法,特别是针对同学不易掌握的方面。一、名词关于名词,我们必须掌握名词的数,名词的格。单数---可用a、an来修饰可数名词单数,在元音发音开头的单词前用an,而不是a可数名词名词的根据数复数不可数名词1.复
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