高三秋季班
Part 1 . Extensive Reading
Birth of Bright Ideas
No satisfactory way exists to explain how to form a good idea. You think about a problem until you're tired, forget it, maybe sleep on it, and then flash! When you aren't thinking about it, suddenly the answer arrives as a gift from the gods.
Of course, all ideas don't occur like that but so many do, particularly the most important ones. They burst into the mind, glowing with the heat of creation. How they do it is a mystery, but they must come from somewhere. Let's assume they come from the \This is reasonable, for psychologists use this term to describe mental processes, which are unknown to the individual. Creative thought depends on what was unknown becoming known.
All of us have experienced this sudden arrival of a new idea, but it is easiest to examine it in the great creative personalities, many of whom experienced it in an intensified form and have written it down in their life stories and letters. One can draw examples from genius in any field, from religion, philosophy, and literature to art and music, even in mathematics, science, and technical invention, although these are often thought to depend only on logic and experiment. All truly creative activities depend in some degree on these signals from the unconscious, and the more highly insightful the person, the sharper and more dramatic the signals become.
Take the example of Richard Wagner composing the opening to \Wagner had been occupied with the idea of the \for several years, and for many months had been struggling to begin composing. On September 4, 1853, he reached Spezia sick, went to a hotel, could not sleep for noise without and fever within, took a long walk the next day, and in the afternoon flung himself on a couch intending to sleep. Then at last the miracle happened for which his unconscious mind had been seeking for so long. Falling into a sleeplike condition, he suddenly felt as though he was sinking in a mighty flood of water, and the rush and roar soon took musical shape within his brain. He recognized that the orchestral opening to the \which he must have carried about within him yet had never been able to put into form, had at last taken its shape within him. In this example, the conscious mind at the moment of creation knew nothing of the actual processes by which the solution was found.
As a contrast, we may consider a famous story: the discovery by Henri Poincare, the great French mathematician, of a new mathematical method called the Fuchsian functions. Here we see the conscious mind, in a person of highest ability, actually watching the unconscious at work. For weeks, he sat at his table every day and spent an hour or two trying a great number of combinations but he arrived at no result. One night he drank some black coffee, contrary to his usual habit, and was unable to sleep. Many ideas kept surging in his head; he could almost feel them pushing against one another, until two of them combined to form a stable combination. When morning came, he had established the existence of one class of Fuchsian functions. He had only to prove the results, which took only a few hours. Here, we see the conscious mind observing the new combinations being formed in the unconscious, while the Wagner story shows the sudden explosion of a new concept into consciousness.
A third type of creative experience is exemplified by the dreams which came to Descartes at
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the age of twenty-three and determined his life path. Descartes had unsuccessfully searched for certainty, first in the world of books, and then in the world of men. Then in a dream on November 10, 1619, he made the significant discovery that he could only find certainty in his own thoughts (\think; therefore, I exist\This dream filled him with intense religious enthusiasm.
Wagner's, Poincare's, and Descartes' experiences are representative of countless others in every field of culture. The unconscious is certainly the source of instinctive activity. But in creative thought the unconscious is responsible for the production of new organized forms from relatively disorganized elements.
Unit8 Section A
satisfactory a. 令人满意的
flash vi. 想法灵感突然产生，飞驰，掠过 particularly ad. 特别是，特别地 glow vi. 发光
creation n. 创造，作品，艺术品 mystery n. 谜，神秘的事物 reasonable a. 合理的，适当的 psychology n. 心理学 psychologist n. 心理学家 process n. 过程，进程
personality n. 名人，个性，性格 intensify v. （使）增强，（使）加强 genius n. 天才，天赋 philosophy n. 哲学
invention n. 发明，创造，发明物 logic n. 逻辑推理 signal n. 信号，暗号
dramatic a. 引人注目的，激动人心的，戏
剧的，演戏的
compose vi./vt. 创作（文学或音乐作品）；
由……组成
occupy vt. 使忙于，占用（时间或空间） fling vt. 突然或急速地移动，猛扔，抛 couch n. 发沙发 miracle n. 奇迹
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mighty a. 强大的，巨大的 orchestra n. 管弦乐队
orchestral a. 管弦乐的，管弦乐队的 contrast n. 对照，差异 mathematician n. 数学家
combination n. 结合，合并，组合物 surge vi. 涌现，汹涌
combine v. （使）结合，（使）联合 stable a. 稳定的 existence n. 存在 observe vt. 观察，注意到
explosion n. 爆发，迸发，爆炸，激增，
扩大
exemplify vt. 举例说明
certainty n. 确定，确定性，必然性 enthusiasm n. 热情，积极性
representative a. 典型的，有代表性的 count v. 计数，点数目
countless a. 无数的，不计其数的 source n. 源泉，来源 instinctive a. （出于）本能的
responsible a. 是…的原因，有责任的，
承担责任的
disorganize vt. 使混乱，打乱
disorganized a. 杂乱无章的，无计划的 element n. 元素，成分
??????????
sleep on sth. 暂时不做决定，过一晚再做决
定
a gift from the gods 天赐，走运的机会 depend on 依赖，依靠 write down 写下来
be occupied with 忙于做，专心于
seek for 寻找 as though 好像 take shape 成形
put into （以……方式）表达 at work 在起作用 search for 搜索，寻找
fill sb. with sth. 使充满（感情）
Part 2 Summary —
从2017年起，上海英语高考试卷的题型面临调整，其中之一便是增加了概要写作（Summary writing），也有许多人将之称为“小作文”。概要写作分值占据10分，考查的是考生阅读和写作的综合能力。
概要写作所给定的语篇一般在200-250字，内容丰富多样，包含故事、时政、科普等，体裁以记叙文、说明文为主，字数一般要求在50-60字，答案尽量符合“Key points of a summary”的要求。 一．正确认识概要写作
1. Definition of summary writing（概要写作的定义）
By summary, we mean a brief restatement, in your own words, of the content of a passage, an article, a chapter or a book.
2. Key points of a summary（概要写作的要点）
Conciseness（简要性）：Omit unnecessary details like examples, explanations and other unimportant information.
Completeness（完整性）：To include all the main and supporting points delivered in you own words in a condensed manner.
Accuracy（准确性）：To give the same attention and stress to the points as the author does. Coherence（连贯性）：Rather than an outline listed as key words and phrases, a summary is a paragraph with necessary transitions and function structures to make it flow.
Objectivity（客观性）：Do not include your own ideas or emotions on the topic. The summary should reflect the content of the original passage only. 3. Beginning of a summary（概要写作的开头） Begin your summary with: *The article’s or chapter’s name
*The author’s thesis statement—a general overview(survey) of the article. The Body:
First of all, the author describes…… He then points out that……
In addition, the author talks about…… Finally, the author suggests…… Some other introductory phrases:
*(The author) states in (this article) that… *The main idea of (the author’s article) is…
*The author believes (holds; maintains; claims; argues; points out; suggests; proposes) that +
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clause…
*The author talks about (explains; describes; reveals; discusses; focuses on) + n. 二．记叙文概要写作要点点拨
记叙文相对容易。在写概要前，除明确文章主题外，还应抓住六个要素：when, where, who, what, why, how。在这六个要素中，所占内容比重最大的是what。一般来说，记叙文的故事概要可以用这样的模板来表示：
Who did what by…because…
Directions: Please read the following passage and write a summary of it in no more than 60 words.
I took a trip to a big lake in Indonesia with my family two years ago. It was really a huge lake with beautiful scenery all around. People were amazed by the endless view in front of our eyes. Later on, unlike other girls, I volunteered to go water-skiing alone. I put on the life jacket, got on the motorboat immediately and started my engine as soon as possible.
The lake seemed broad and endless. I was so thrilled(激动) to enjoy my trip among the mountains and waters that I sped my motorboat. Then, after some time, I found myself in the middle of the endless lake. A sudden fear came around me. I didn’t know where I was or even how far I had gone from the shore. What was worse, it began to rain and it became very cold and foggy. I rode everywhere but couldn’t find my way back. It was useless for me to cry or shout for help. I was so terrified that I began to think about all kinds of horrible things. After floating on the water helplessly and hopelessly for a long time, suddenly I heard someone calling my name. Soon, a big steamboat sailed to me and they pulled me up to the deck and asked me if I was hurt. I couldn’t say a word but cried in my father’s arms.
材料分析：根据文本内容，这是一篇故事类的记叙文，要求对其进行概要写作。因此，我们先找出记叙文的六要素：
When—two years ago
Where—a trip to a big lake in Indonesia Who—“I”, the writer
What—got lost; was found
Why—go water-skiing alone; too thrilled Result—father came to her rescue
列出了要点之后，我们就可以用自己的话将要点组织起来，概括成一段约50词的通顺概要：
The passage tells us the writer’s experience of adventure. Once the writer was on a trip to a lake where she went water-skiing alone. She was so excited and enjoyed herself that soon she got lost. Fortunately, her father finally came to her rescue. （44 words） 三．说明文概要写作要点点拨
说明文体的阅读材料内容大致可以分为以下几类： 现象揭示类：
The article points out the common phenomenon—(主题)，which…(补充解释) 利弊对比类：
The article compares the disadvantages/benefits of A and B. A…while B… The passage discusses the impact of sth.
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On the positive side,…, but it may also… 研究显示类：
The study reveals that…
The purpose of the report is to show that… 下文是课堂训练的一个例子：
Directions: Please read the following passage and write a summary of it in no more than 60 words.
A large source of rubbish is packaging material. It often makes up more than 30 percent of the total. To understand why this is true, think of the packaging commonly used for a simple product, such as toothpaste. The packaging includes not only the tube for the toothpaste, but also the box for the tube. This box is put into a plastic wrapper. Then, the boxes are transported in a cardboard container.
Most packaging material ends up in a landfill after it is thrown away. Though necessary, landfills take up valuable space, often stink（发出恶臭）, and can leak harmful substances into the soil. Landfills not included, the production of packaging material itself is a major source of air and water pollution.
People are now trying to solve the problems caused by packaging materials. In 1991, Germany took the lead by requiring companies to recycle the packaging used for their goods. To do this, the companies set up recycling bins in every neighborhood. Consumers now separate their rubbish into three categories—metal, plastic and paper cartons. They then put it into the appropriate bin. The rubbish sorted, it is transported to a recycling company for processing.
The programme worked well at first. However, the amount of rubbish has begun to increase again. One reason for this is that many consumers no longer reduce waste because they think the problem is solved. It seems that to properly deal with the problem of rubbish, everyone must remain alert and do their part.
材料分析：
弄清了每段的主要内容后，我们就按照概要写作的几个原则对其进行连接，在连接段落时需要添加必要的连接词使其通顺连贯即可：
The article points out the problem of packaging. About one third of rubbish results from the packaging materials, which cause damage to the environment during their production and after ending in landfills. Though the programs carried out to combat the problem are temporarily successful, the problem remains a great concern. (50 words)
Part 3 . 作文讲解
一 考查目的：高考英语书面表达具体主要考查学生以下几种能力： 1.观察分析，获取，加工和输出信息的能力。 2.体现语法规则，并且正确熟练运用语法的能力。 3.语言交际表达得体，突出正确语用的能力。 4.关注社会现实，锤炼思维表达能力。
二．.文体分类：
审清题意，明确要求。弄清楚文章应采用的体裁：议论文、记叙文、说明文、应用文等，用第几人称写作，主要的时态范畴是什么？
三．考查内容
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杨浦寒假补习班初中高中补习班新王牌资料高三(3)
