命名:
OCH3CH3CH2CHCHCH31.(CH3)2CHOHCH3 2.CH2CHCH2OH 3.
OHOH
OHCH3CH2CHCHCH2OH4.
5.
HOCH3 6.H3CCH3
O2N7.
OHNO2NO2OH 8.(CH3)3CCH2OH 9.
(CH3)3 11.CH3OCHCH2 12. OCH3
H 14.
C2H5OHBrCH3 15.
OC2H5
16.
ClCH2CH2OH 17.
Br(CH3)2CHOHBr
H2C18. 答案:
CHOCH2Cl 19. HOOH 20.
CH2OH
1.3-甲基-2-丁醇 2.2-丙烯-1-醇(烯丙醇) 3.3-甲氧基-2-戊醇 4.3-苯基-1,2-戊二醇 5.1-甲基环己醇 6.3,5-二甲基苯酚 7.苦味酸 8.新戊醇 9.β-萘酚(2-萘酚) 10.甲基叔丁基醚 11.甲基乙烯基醚 12.苯甲醚 13.1-苯基-2-丙醇 14.(Z)-2-甲基-1-乙基环己醇 15.对乙氧基溴苯 16.2-对氯苯基乙醇 17.2,6-二溴-4-异丙基苯酚 18.3-氯-1,2-环氧丙
烷
19.顺-1,2-环戊二醇 20.苄醇(苯甲醇)
完成反应: 1.
OC2H5HHOH+HI 答:
OH+C2H5I
HIO4OHCCH2CH2CH2CHO 答:
HO2.3.ONa+ClCH2CHCH2 答:OCH2CHCH2
CH34.5.
CH3H3PO4 答:
OHOCH3CH3OHCH3OHHI 答:
H+OH+CH3I OCH3CH3
6. 答:
H2SO47.HOOH 答:
O
CHCH3OCH3
CH38.CH3OCCHCH3CH3ONaCH3OH(CH3)2COH 答:
(C6H5)2COHOH9.
10.+C(CH3)2H(C6H5)2CCH3 答:
OCCH3
OC2H5CHCHCH3OHHIOH 答:HIO4 答:+C2H5I
11.
HOCHO+CH3CHO
12.答:
CH2ONa+CH2CHCH2ClCH2OCH2CHCH2
13.CH3CH2CH2CH2OCH3 + HI (1mol) 答:CH3CH2CH2CH2OH + CH3I
OH14.
HIO4 答:
OO
OHC6H5CH2CHCH(CH3)215.
H+ 答:C6H5CHOHCH3CHCHOHC(CH3)2OHCHCH(CH3)2
HIO4
16.
OH答:CH3CHO + HCOOH + CH3COCH3 17.CH3CH2CH2CHOHCH3 + SOCl2 答:CH3CH2CH2CHClCH3
CH318.19.
CH3CCH2CH3 答:
答:
CCH2CH3+HBrOHCH2OH+PCl3Br
CH2Cl
CH3CH3OH20.CH(CH3)221.
浓H2SO4 答:CH(CH3)2
H+1. O32. Zn/H2OOH
答:
CHOCHO
OHCHCHCH222.23.
OCH2CHCHCH3OH+HBr 答: 答:
CH3
Br
CrO3CH2CHCH2OHCH3COOH 答:CH224.
CHCHO CHCH2OHOCH3 CH25.26.答:
CH2ONaOHCH3ONaCH3OH 答:
CH3CHCHCH2Cl
OHONa H3CCH3OHHIO4OCH2CHCHCH3
OO 答:H3C27.HOCH3
CH3CH2CHCH2CH328.
+HBr+
OCH3CH3CH2CHCH2CH3+CH3Br
答:
OHHOOHCHCH2OHOHH+O 答:
MnO2CH2Cl229.
30. 答:
CHO
31. 推结构:
Na2Cr2O7H2SO4 答:
O
1.化合物(A)分子式为C6H14O,能与Na作用,在酸催化下可脱水生成(B),以冷KMnO4溶液氧化(B)可得到(C),其分子式为C6H14O2,(C)与HIO4作用只得到
丙酮。试推(A)、(B)、(C)的构造式,并写出有关反应式。
(A)(CH3)2CCH(CH3)2OH答:;(B)(CH3)2C(C)(CH3)2CC(CH3)2C(CH3)2;HOOH
3.化合物A(C4H10O)与CrO3/H2SO4反应得产物B,A脱水只得一种烯烃C,C与稀冷KMnO4反应得到产物D,D与HIO4反应得到一种醛E和一种酮F。试写出A~F的构造式。
答:(CH3)2CHCH2OH (CH3)2CHCHO (CH3)2C=CH2 (CH3)2C(OH)-CH2OH A B C D
HCHO CH3COCH3 E F
4.化合物(A),分子式为C6H10,与溴水作用,生成化合物(B)(C6H11OBr),(B)用NaOH处理,然后在酸性条件下水解生成(C),(C)是一个外消旋的二醇。(A)用稀冷KMnO4处理,得到化合物(D),(D)无光活性,是(C)的非对映异构体。试推测(A),(B),(C),(D)的结构。
(A);(B)OH(±)Br;(C)OH(±)OH;(D)HOOH
答:
5.有一化合物A(C5H11Br),和NaOH共热生成B(C5H12O),B能和Na作用放出H2,在室温下易被KMnO4氧化,和浓H2SO4共热生成C(C5H10),C经K2Cr2O7/H2SO4溶液作用后生成丙酮和乙酸,推测A、B、C结构。
答:(CH3)2CHCH(Br)CH3 (CH3)2CHCH(OH)CH3 (CH3)2C=CHCH3 A B C
6.化合物A(C6H14O)可溶于H2SO4,与Na反应放出H2,与H2SO4共热生成B(C6H12),B可使Br2/CCl4褪色,B经强氧化生成一种物质C(C3H6O),试确定A、B、C的结构。
(A)(CH3)2CHC(CH3)2OH答: (B) (CH3)2C=C(CH3)2 (C) CH3COCH3
7.一未知物A(C9H12O)不溶于水、稀酸和NaHCO3溶液,但可溶于NaOH,与FeCl3
醇酚醚习题答案
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