中职英语拓展模块授课教案
Grammar
Teaching aims: 掌握过去分词及过去分词短语的构成以及在句中的用法。
Emotional aims:培养合作学习精神。
Teaching important points: 掌握过去分词及过去分词短语的构成以及在句中的用法。
Teaching difficult points: 掌握过去分词及过去分词短语的构成以及在句中的用法。
Teaching method: Teaching and practicing Teaching procedure: StepⅠRevision
Review some words and phrases. StepⅡ过去分词
过去分词是一种非谓语动词,在句中不能单独用作谓语。可以与其自己的宾语、状语、逻辑主语等构成过去分词短语或独立结构,在句中作表语、定于、状语、补足语,具有“波动”和“完成”的含义。 ① 过去分词作表语
作表语的过去分词大多已转化为形容词,用来表示主语所在的状态。
常见的这类过去分词有disappointed(失望的),astonished(惊讶的),excited(激动的),interested(感兴趣的),satisfied(满足的),surprised(惊奇的),frightened(害怕的)等。如: She looked disappointed. 她看起来很失望。
I was not satisfied with the result. 我对那个结果感到不满意。
I am really surprised to meet you here. I thought you were abroad. 在这里见到你我真的很吃惊,我原以为你在国外呢。
The window is broken. Who broke it? 窗户坏了,谁弄坏的?
注意区别The window was broken yesterday. 窗户是昨天被打坏的。
此句中was broken是谓语动词的被动语态的过去时。 ② 过去分词作定语
作定语的过去分词如果是单词,一般放在它所修饰的名词前面,它表示被动和完成。而-ing形式作前置定语则表示主动和进行含义。如: boiled water 开水 boiling water 沸腾的水 frozen food 冷冻食品 a freezing wind 刺骨寒风 developed countries 发达国
家 developing countries 发展中国
家 spoken language 口语 a speaking bird 能言的鸟
有少数单个的过去分词习惯上作后置定语,相当于一个定语从句。如: the only place left (=which is left) 剩下的唯一地方
the room temperature needed 要求的室内温度
过去分词短语作定语,要放在它所修饰的名词后面,该分词短语相当于一个定语从句。如:
He started a new program called “communism”. 他提出一项称之为“共产主义”的新纲领。
People developed a kind of paper made from the fibers of plants. 人们研制出一种用植物纤维制成的纸。 This is one of the houses built last year. 这是去年建的一所房子。
300 people are dying each day from illnesses caused by smoking. 每天有300人由于抽烟引起的疾病而死去。 ③过去分词作状语
过去分词短语作状语可表示时间、地点、原因、条件、让步、伴随状况等意义,这种过去分词短语相当于一个状语从句。
A. 表示时间或条件
Heated (=When / If water is heated), water changes into steam. 水加热时变成蒸汽。
Seen from space, the earth looks blue. 从太空看,地球看上去是蓝色的。 B. 表示原因
Well known for his expert advice, he was able to help a great number of people with their personal affairs. 他的足智多谋广为人知,因此他能帮助很多人解决私事。
Worn out, he soon fell asleep. 他非常疲倦,一下子就睡着了。
Not satisfied with the result, we decided to make the experiment again. 我们对结果不满意,决定再做这个实验。
C. 表示伴随哦
Dr Watson and I will spend the night locked in your room. 我和华生医生将要锁在你的屋里过夜。 He came back, utterly exhausted. 他回来时,疲惫不堪。 The came back, utterly exhausted. 他回来时,疲惫不堪。
The woman scientist entered the lab, followed by her assistants. 那位女科学家走进实验室,后面跟着她的助手们。 D. 表示让步
Born a free man, he was now in chains. 他生来是个自由人,现在却戴上了镣铐。 ④ 过去分词前带连词
过去分词(短语)作状语时,也可在前面加上when,if,while,though等连词,以便明确是作何种状语。如:
If allowed, he would eat all the food in the house. 如果被允许,他会把家里的食物全吃了。
Even if invited,I won’t go to his party. 即使被邀请,我也不去参加他的聚
会。 When asked why he did it, he said nothing. 当问到他为什么做这件事时,他什么也没说。 ⑤ 带逻辑主语的过去分词
过去分词作状语时,若句子主语不是它的逻辑主语,通常在它前面加上它的主语,构成独立主格结构。如:
The work finished, we went home. 工作做完后,我们回家了。
All my money stolen, I had to walk home without buying any thing. 所有的钱都被偷了,我不得不什么都没买就走