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圣才电子书 十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台 2011年4月全国自考《英语阅读（一）》真题及详解
课程代码:00595
I. CAREFUL READING
Read the following passages carefully. Decide on the best answer and write the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points, 2 points each)
Passage 1
Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.
Sport is not only physically challenging, but it can also be mentally challenging. Criticism from coaches, parents, and other teammates, as well as pressure to win can create an excessive amount of anxiety or stress for young athletes (运动员). Stress can be physical, emotional, or psychological, and research has indicated that it can lead to burnout. Burnout has been described as dropping or quitting of an activity that was at one time enjoyable.
The early years of development are critical years for learning about oneself. The sport setting is one where valuable experiences can take place. Young athletes can, for example, learn how to cooperate with others, make friends, and gain other social skills that will be used throughout their lives. Coaches and parents should be aware, at all times, that their feedback to youngsters can greatly affect their children. Youngsters may take their parents’ and coaches’ criticisms to heart and find a flaw (缺陷) in themselves.
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www.100xuexi.com 圣才电子书 十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台 Coaches and parents should also be cautious that youth sport participation does not become work for children. The outcome of the game should not be more important than the process of learning the sport and other life lessons. In today’s youth sport setting, young athletes may be worrying more about who will win instead of enjoying themselves and the sport. Following a game, many parents and coaches focus on the outcome and find fault with youngsters’ performances.
Positive reinforcement (加强) should be provided regardless of the outcome. Research indicates that positive reinforcement motivates and has a greater effect on learning than criticism. Again, criticism can create high levels of stress, which can lead to burnout.
1. An effective way to prevent the burnout of young athletes is ______. A. to reduce their mental stress B. to point out their shortcomings C. to increase their sense of success D. to make sports more challenging
2. According to the passage, the sport setting is positive for young people in that ______.
A. it enables them to find flaws in themselves B. it helps them learn more about school life C. it provides them with valuable experiences
D. it teaches them how to set realistic goals for themselves 3. Many coaches and parents tend to criticize young athletes ______.
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www.100xuexi.com 圣才电子书 十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台 A. so that they train harder
B. believing that too much praise is harmful C. in order to make them remember life lessons
D. without realizing that criticism may destroy their self confidence 4. According to the passage, parents and coaches should ______. A. train children to cope with stress B. help children to win every game C. prevent children from repeated failures
D. encourage children to enjoy themselves and sports 5. The author’s purpose in writing the passage is ______. A. to teach young athletes how to avoid burnout
B. to persuade young athletes not to worry about criticism C. to stress the importance of positive reinforcement in sports D. to discuss the skill of combining criticism with encouragement
【文章导读】本文主要讲述了年轻运动员所承受的身体、情感和精神上的压力，作者建议家长和教练多给予他们鼓励和支持，帮助他们减少压力，享受运动的过程。
【答案及解析】
1.A 细节理解题。由第一段末尾“Stress can be physical, emotional, or psychological, and research has indicated that it can lead to burnout”可知，多方面的压力会导致年轻的运动员放弃他们热爱的运动，因此为防止这种事情发生们就应该引导他们缓解压力，包括精神压力。A项符合题意，故选A。
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www.100xuexi.com 圣才电子书 十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台 2.C 细节理解题。由第二段第二句话“The sport setting is one where valuable experiences can take place.”可知，体育训练能为运动员提供宝贵的经验，帮助他们了解自我。C项符合题意，故选C。
3.D 细节理解题。由第二段末尾“Youngsters may take their parents’ and coaches’ criticisms to heart and find a flaw (缺陷) in themselves.”可知，家长和教练对运动员的批评和指责会影响他们的自信心，D项符合题意，故选D。
4.D 细节理解题。由第三段中间部分“In today’s youth sport setting, young athletes may be worrying more about who will win instead of enjoying themselves and the sport.”可知，如今的年轻运动员们只注重比赛结果，而忽视了运动的快乐，这是家长和教练应该注意的。D项符合题意，故选D。
5.C 概括大意题。通读全文可知，本文首先陈述了问题，然后从家长和教练的角度出发，建议他们多给予年轻的运动员支持和鼓励，帮助他们减少压力，故作者的写作目的在于强调运动中正面强化的作用，C项符合题意，故选C。
Passage 2
Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage.
Friedrich Dobl, a Yugoslav (南斯拉夫人) working in Germany, was annoyed with traffic jams. At long weekends and holiday times when he wanted to get home quickly, he always found himself moving slowly with hundreds of other cars along the crowded foreign workers’ route through Germany and Austria.
How easy it all was for police and emergency services! A siren (警报器), a flashing light? And like magic everyone was out of the way. Going home from work
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www.100xuexi.com 圣才电子书 十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台 one night, he passed a garage. And there in front of him was the answer to his problem. An old ambulance was for sale. The red cross had been removed, but not the flashing light, and the siren. He tried the light. It flashed magnificently. He tried the siren. That too sounded impressive. He bought the ambulance and opened up for himself a dream world of motoring.
It began early in the morning, all his luggage in the back of the ambulance and the motorway in Germany looking reasonably clear. Soon, as always, a long line of traffic appeared ahead. He switched on the flashing light and set off the siren. Cars swiftly slowed and pulled off the fast lane. Other cars stopped and drivers waved him ahead to an open road all his own. In record time he crossed the border into Austria. His trick was working. Police even waved him through the confusion caused by an accident.
But then the Yugoslav made his bad mistake. Until then he had only stopped for petrol. Now he was driving past a real accident, lights flashing, too late to realize that it was not another traffic jam as he assumed. They stopped him, and after hearing the story of his ride across two countries fined him 12.5 pounds. 6. At long weekends and holiday times Friedrich Dobl used to ______. A. drive home in Germany B. meet other foreign workers C. get caught in terrible traffic jams D. get to the workplace by a quick route
7. The reason why Dobl decided to buy the ambulance was that ______.
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2011年4月全国自考《英语阅读(一)》真题及详解【圣才出品】
