人教出版高一英语课本学习知识翻译

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number of people learn English as a second language. These people will per-

样多的人把英语作为第二种语言，这些人 haps speak the language of their own country at home with their family, but the

在家有可能和他们的家人讲本国语，但是官方、

language of the government, schools, newspapers and TV is English. This

学校、报纸、电视都用英语。这种情况

situation is found in countries such as India, Pakistan, Nigeria and the Philip

在很多国家都存在，如印度、巴基斯坦、尼日利亚和菲律宾。

pines. However, the number of people who learn English as a foreign language

然而，把英语当作外语学习的人 is more than 750 million. Everywhere in the world children go to school to

有七亿五千多万人。世界各地的孩子上学 learn English. Most people learn English for five or six years at high school. In

学英语。大多数人在中学学5到6年的英语。在

China students learn English at school as a foreign language, except for those

中国，学生把英语作为一种外语学习。但香港的

in Hong Kong，where many people speak English as a first or a second language.

学生不同，在那儿有许多人把英语当作第一或第二语言。

In only fifty years, English has developed /into/ the language most widely

仅仅50年中，英语已经发展成为世界上讲得最多，使用

spoken and used in the world. English is the working language of most interna-

得最广泛的语言。英语是大多数国际组织、国际

tional organisations, international trade and tourism. Businessmen and tourists

贸易、国际旅游的工作语言。商人和旅游者经常来中国，他们

often come to China without being able to speak Chinese. Chinese businessmen,

通常用不着会讲汉语。中国的商人、

taxi drivers and students talk with them using English. English is also the

出租车司机和学生用英语和他们交谈。英语像

language of global culture，such as popular music and the Internet. You can

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流行音乐，因特网一样，也是全球性文化。你可以

listen to English songs on the radio or use English to communicate with people

通过无线电听英语歌曲也可以用英语和世界各地

around the world through the Internet. With so many people communicating in

的人在因特网上交流。每天有这么多人

English every day, it will become more and more important to have a good

用英语交流，我们可以认识到掌握好英语 knowledge of English. 越来越重要。

INTEGRATING SKILLS 课文翻译

Reading and writing

AMERICAN ENGLISH AND BRITISH ENGLISH 美国英语和英国英语

Many students want to know about the differences between American 很多学生想了解美国英语

English and British English. How did these differences come about? There is

和英国英语的区别。这些不同是怎样产生的？就

no quick answer to this question. At first the language in Britain and America

这一问题不能立即做出答复。起初英国英语和美国

was the same. In 1776 America became an independent country. After that, the

英语一样。1776年美国独立。从那以后，这种

language slowly began to change. For a long time the language in America

语言慢慢地发生变化。很长一段时间美国

stayed the same, while the language in England changed. For example, 300

英语没有变化，而英国英语变了。例如，300

years ago the English talked about“fall”. Today, most British people talk

年前英国人说“fall”(秋季)。而今天大多数英国人说

about“autumn”, but American still talk about“fall”. In the same way

“autumn”(秋季)，但是美国人仍然说“fall”(秋季)。同样，

Americans still use the expression“I guess”(meaning“I think”), just as the

正如英国人300年前那样，美国人仍然说“I guess”

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British did 300 years ago.

(意为“我想”，英国人说I think)。

At the same time, British English and American English started borrow

与此同时，英国英语和美国英语都从

ing words from other languages, ending up with different words. For example,

其他语言中吸取一些词汇，结果出现了一些不同的词汇。例如， the British took“typhoon”from Chinese, while the Americans took“tornado”

英国人从汉语中吸取了“typhoon”(台风)一词，而美国人从 from Spanish.

西班牙语中吸取了“tornado”(龙卷风)一词。

In 1828 Noah Webster published the first American dictionary. He wanted

1828年，诺亚·韦伯斯特出版了第一本美语字典。他想 to make American English different from British English, so he changed the

把美国英语和英国英语区分开，所以他改变了

spelling of many words. That’s why the words colour, centre, and traveller

许多词的拼写。那就是为什么“colour, centre, traveller”

are spelt color, center and traveler in American English. Except for these

这些词在美国英语中拼写为“color, center, traveler”。不过，

differences in spelling, written English is more or less the same in both British

英国英语和美国英语的书面语几乎 English and American English. 是一样的。

The differences are greater in the spoken language. For example, Americans

英国英语和美国英语在口语中的差别更大。例如： say dance /dns/, and in southern England they say /da:ns/. In America

美国人说dance/dns/,而英国南部的人说/da:ns/。在美国， they pronounce not /nat/; in southern England they say /nt/. However,

人们说not/nat/,而在英国南部，人们说/nt/。然而，

most of the time people from the two countries do not have any difficulty in

大多数时候来自这两个国家的人毫不费力 understanding each other.

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就能相互听懂。

第三课： 外出旅行 READING 课文翻译

ADVENTURE TRAVEL 探险旅行

Why do people travel? Well, many people travel because they want to see

人们为什么旅行？很多人旅行，是因为他们想去看看

other countries and visit places that are famous, interesting or beautiful. Peo-

别的国家，参观一些著名的、有趣的、美丽的地方。还

ple also travel to meet new friends, to try new kinds of food, to experience life

有些人旅行是为了拜访朋友，品尝新的食物，体验一下

in other parts of the world or simply to get away from cold weather. Yet there

世界上其他地方的生活，或者只是为了离开寒冷天气。然而

are other reasons why people travel. Many of today’s travellers are looking for

人们旅行还有一些其他的原因。今天许多旅行者想

an unusual experience and adventure travel is becoming more and more popular.

获得一种非同寻常的体验，探险旅行现在越来越受欢迎。

Here is a quick look at two popular activities: hiking and rafting. 我们来快速浏览一下两种流行的探险活动：徒步旅行和划木筏。 HIKING 徒步旅行

Instead of spending your vacation on a bus, in a hotel or sitting on the

你有可能去徒步旅行而不在公共汽车上、旅馆里或坐在海边沙

beach, you may want to try hiking. Hiking is a great way to travel. You will

滩上。徒步旅行是一种很好的旅行方式，你能

get close to nature and take exercise at the same time. Hiking is easy to do and

接触自然，与此同时还能锻炼身体。徒步旅行简单

doesn’t have to be very expensive. You can hike close to home or travel to

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易行，费用也不高。你可以在家附近也可以到

other places. The basic equipment you need for hiking is simple: good shoes,

其他地方。徒步旅行所需要的基本设备很简单：结实的鞋、

clothes, and a backpack. You can hike in the mountains, in a forest or along a

衣服和背包。你可以到山里，森林或沿河边旅行。 river. You can also go for a hike in the city. 你还可以到城市旅行。

Hiking is fun and exciting, but you shouldn’t forget safety. Here are

虽然徒步旅行既有趣又令人兴奋，但你不能忘记安全。这儿有几条 some basic tips for successful hiking: 成功徒步旅行的建议： ·Dont hike alone. 不要单独去徒步旅行。

·Tell someoneswheresyou are going. 告诉别人你去哪里。

·Bring Water and a good map. 带上水和一份好的地图。 ·Watch out for dangers, such as spiders, snakes, or poisonous plants. 当心危险，例如蜘蛛、蛇或有毒的植物。

·Wear a hat to protect yourself from the sun. 戴上太阳帽以遮挡阳光。

·Bring a cellphone if you have one. 如果你有手机就带上它。

RAFTING 划木筏

Another exciting adventure is rafting. A raft is a small boat that you can

另一种令人兴奋的旅行是划木筏。木筏就是你通过

use to paddle down rivers and streams. Rafting is a good way to experience

划桨来渡过河流和小溪的小船。划木筏是体验大自然的一种很好

nature. If you want a normal rafting trip, choose a quiet stream or river that is

的方式，如果你想要做一种普通的木筏旅行，可以选择没有倒下的

wide and has few fallen trees or rocks. If you are looking for more excitement,

树木和岩石的宽阔平静的河流或小溪。如果你想寻找更大的刺激，

you may want to try whitewater rafting. Whitewater rafting is more adventurous

你可以尝试一下白浪木筏。白浪木筏比普通木筏更