语法专项复习资料二
主语，表语，宾语及名词性从句
（―）主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句（当主 语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可山名词、代词、 数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如：
During the 1990s, American music has become more and more popula匚（名词） We often speak English in class.（代词）
One-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词） To 価加 in the river is a great pleasure.（彳从定式） Smokin更 docs harm to the health.（动名词） The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词）
we aw 20加2 to have an English test has not been decided.（主语从句） It is necessary to master a fo『ei父n lan￡ua烈.（it作形式主语，真止的主语为后血的不定式） （二亍表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一?般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, tum, seem等）Z后。表语一般ill名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、 介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。例如：
Our teacher of English is an American.（名词） Is it yours?（代词）
The weather has turned cold.（形容词） The speech is exciting.（分词）
Three times seven is twenty one?（数词） His job is to teach English.（不定式）
His hobby （爱好）is flaying football.（动名词） The machine must be out of order.（介词短语） Time is The class is over.（副词）
The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句）
（三） 宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者,一燉位于及物动词和介词后面。例如： They went to see an exhibition （展览）yesterday.（名词） The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.（代词） How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（数词）
They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名词化形容词） He pretended not to see me.（不定式短语）
I enjoy lisfenin父 to popular music.（动名词短诅） I think （that） he is fit for his office.（宾语从句）
宾语种类:（1）双宾语（I'可接宾语+直接宾语），例如：L&wd me your dictionary, please. （2）
复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例如：They elected him their monitor. （四） 名词性从句
名词性从句相当于名词，可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此，名词性从句厅分 为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位从句。
1?引导名词性从句的连接词
1、连接代词:who, whose, whom, what, whicho有词义,在从句中担任成分,如主语、表语、 宾语、或定语等。
2＞连接副词：when, where, why, how0有词义，在从句中担任成分，作状语。 3、连接词：that, whether, if, as ifothat无词义，在从句屮不担任成分，有吋可省略；if （whether）, as if虽有词义，但在从句中不担任成分。
注意:连接代词与连接副词在句中不再是疑问句，因而从句中谓语不用疑问式。连接代词 与连
接副词在从句充当句子成分，连接词whether和if （是否），as if （好象）在从彳U屮不充当 句子成分，只起连接作川。根据句义，如果连接代词与连接副词，whether, if和as if都川不上
时,才用that作连接词（that本身无任何含义）。
2》主语从句 1、 主语从句在复合句作主语。 e.g. Who will go is not important. 2、 用it作形式主语，主语从句放在句末。
e.g. It doesn，t matter so much whether you will come or not. 3、 that引导主语从句时,不能省略。
e.g. That he suddenly fell ill last week made us surprised. 3）表语从句
1、表语从句在复合句屮作表语，位于系动词之后。 e.g. The question was who could go there.
2、引导表语从句的连接词that有时可省去。
e.g. My idea is （that） we can get more comrades to help in the work. Q宾箱从句 J 1、 宾语从句在复合句中作宾语。引导宾语从句的连词lhat 可省略。
e.g. I hope （that） everything is all right. 2、 介词之后的宾语h句，不可用which或if连接，要分别用what或whether。 e.g. I'm interested in whether you've finished the work.. Fm interested in what you've said. 3、 whether与if都可以引导宾语从句，常可互换。 注意：whether与if在下面情况不能互换。 ① 宾语从句是否定句时，只用if,不用whethero e.g. I wonder if it doesn't rain.
② 用if会引起误解，就要用whether。
e.g. Please let me know whether you want to go.（此句如果把 whether 改成 if,容易当成条件 句理解）
③ 宾语从句屮的whether与ornot直接连川，就不能换成if；不直接连丿II，可换。 e.g. I don't know whether or not the report is ti*ue. I don't know whether/ if the report is true or not.
④ 介词后的宾语从句要川whether引导。whether可与不定式连川。whether也可引导主语 从句、表语从句、同位语从句，还可引导让步状语从句，以上均不能换成if。但引导条件从句 吋，只能用if,而不能用whether。
e.g. It depends on whether wc have enough lime. They don'I know whether to go there. Please come to see me if you have time. 5)同位语从句
同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语，一般位于该名词(如：news, fact, idea, suggestion, promise等)之后，说明该名词的具体内容。
e.g. I have no idea when he will be back?
he fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody. 主语
had helped us. | 1 ? Wc wrote a letter of thanks to 1
A. who B ? those C- whom D? whoever
> mother kept telling him that he mustn't smoke, but 2. Tom《 didn't help?
A. he B. which C. it D? they 3. you don't like him is none of my business?[ ] A. What B. If C. That D? Whether
语法专项资料复习二：主语,表语,宾语及名词性从句16开.doc
