(7) 做原因状语。如：
We were very excited to hear the news. I’m glad to see you. (8) 做条件状语。如：
To turn to the left, you could find a post office.
6. 作表语
不定式可放在be动词后面，构成表语。如： The question is how to put it into practice. My question is when to leave. His dream is to be a doctor.
Her work is to look after the babies.
注意：1.不定式在句中作表语时，对应的谓语动词用单数。 2.当主语是不定式时，表语不能用V+ing形式，可用不定式。 如：To see is to believe. （眼见为实）(Seeing is believing. ) 7独立结构。如：
To tell you the truth, I don’t agree with you. To make matters worse, it began to rain. 二、不定式的时态和语态 1、 不定式的时态
(1) 现在时：有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。如：He seems to know this. I hope to see you again. (2) 完成时：表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。如： I’m sorry to have given you so much trouble. He seems to have caught a cold.
（3） 进行时：表示动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。如：
He seems to be eating something.
（4）完成进行时：表示动作从过去某个时间开始，一直延续到现在，并有可能持续下去。如：She is known to have been working on the problem for many years. 2、 不定式的语态
当不定式的逻辑主语是其动作的承受者时，就用被动式。如：
11
He was seen to enter the hall. He asked to be sent to work in Tibet. 三、省to 的动词不定式
1、 情态动词（除ought 外，ought to） 2、 would rather, had better.
3、 感官动词 see, watch, look at, notice, observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel 等后作宾补，
省略 to.
注意：在被动语态中 to 不能省略掉。如：
I saw him dance. He was seen to dance.
The boss made them work the whole night. They were made to work the whole night. 4、 使役动词 let, have, make.
5、 由 and, or 和 than 连接的两个不定式，第二个 to 可以省去。如：He wants to move to France
and marry the girl.
6、 help 可带 to ,也可不带to, help sb. (to) do sth. 7、 Why don’t you…/Why not…
8、 but 和 except 前是动词 do 时，后面出现的动词用不带 to 的动词不定式。试比较： He wants to do nothing but go out.
He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine.
9、 通常在discover, imagine, suppose, think, understand 等词后，可以省去 to be .如：
He is supposed (to be) nice. 他应该是个好人。
2.【2016·北京】28. ______ over a week ago, the books are expected to arrive any time now.
A. Ordering B. To order C. Having ordered D. Ordered 【答案】D
考点：考查过去分词作状语
12
【名师点睛】
分词作状语
1. 分词作时间状语相当于when引导的时间状语从句；on doing sth. =as soon as。 2. 分词作原因状语相当于as，since，because引导的原因状语从句。 3. 分词作方式或伴随状语不能用状语从句替换，但是可以改写成并列句。
4. 分词作条件状语相当于if unless等引导的从句。常见的引导条件状语的分词有given，supposing,
considering, provided, compared with等。
5. 分词作结果状语相当于so that引导的结果状语从句。分词前常有副词thus，thereby，only等。
6. 分词作让步状语相当于though或者even if等引导的让步状语从句。
3.【2016·北京】32. Newly-built wooden cottages line the street, ________ the old town into a dreamland.
A. turn B. turning 【答案】B
C. to turn D. turned
考点：考查现在分词 【名师点睛】
现在分词和过去分词的区别：
在语态上，现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词表示被动意义；
在时间上，现在分词表示的动作往往正在进行或者与谓语动词同时发生，过去分词表示的动作已经完成或没有一定的时间性。
如：falling leaves 正在下落的树叶 fallen leaves 已经落在地上的树叶 一、分词的作用 6、 作定语
（4） 单个分词作定语，分词前置。如： The sleeping boy is my son.
The excited people rushed into the building. A lost opportunity never returns.
13
He is a retired worker.
（5） 分词短语作定语，分词后置；分词修饰不定代词something等要后置；个别分词如give，left
等作定语也后置。如：
The girl standing under the tree is my niece. The building built last year is our library. This is the question given. There is nothing interesting.
（6） 过去分词作定语与其修饰的词是被动关系，相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。如：Most of the
people invited to the party were famous scientists
2. The first textbook ______ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16 century.
A. have written B. to be written C. being written D. written 3. What’s the language ______ in Germany?
A. speaking B. spoken C. be spoken D. to speak
4. Prices of daily goods ______ through a computer can be lower than store prices. A. are bought B. bought C. been bought D. buying.
5. When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door ______ “Sorry to miss you; will call later.”
A. read B. reads C. to read D. reading 7、 作状语
现在分词和过去分词在句中可以作时间、原因、方式、伴随、条件、结果等状语。 Not receiving any letter from him, I gave him a call. As I didn’t receive any letter from him, I gave him a call. Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.
If more attention was given, the trees could have grown better.(条件) Walking along the street, I ran across my old friend. Bitten by a snake, he was taken to hospital(原因). Though defeated, he didn’t lose heart. (让步) He lay on the grass, looking into the sky. (伴随) He came running to tell me the good news. (方式)
14
th
6. ______ some officials, Napoleon inspected his army.
A. Followed B. Followed by C. Being followed D. Having been followed 7. There was a terrible noise______ the sudden burst of light.
A. followed B. following C. to be followed D. being followed 8. ______, liquids can be changed into gases.
A. Heating B. To be heated C. Heated D. Heat 注意：
（3） 选择现在分词还是过去分词，关键看主句的主语。如分词的动作是由主句的主语发出，分词就
用现在分词，反之就用过去分词。试比较：
（Being）Used for a long time, the book looks old.由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去很旧。 Using the book, I find it useful.在使用的过程中，我发现这本书很有用。
（4） 分词作状语时，其逻辑主语必须和主句的主语一致，如果不一致，就用独立主格结构，即在分
词前加上它的逻辑主语。现在分词的完成式主要用于作状语，一般不用作定语。
9. When______, the museum will be open to the public next year.
A. completed B. completing C. being completed D. to be completed 10. ______ such heavy pollution already, the river becomes dead water. A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered 8、 作表语
现在分词作表语多表示主语具有的特征，过去分词作表语多指主语所处的状态。如： The film is touching. The glass is broken.
She looked tired with cooking. He remained standing beside the table. 9、 作宾语补足语
分词和不定式一样，在一些感官动词或使役动词后作宾语补足语。如： I smell something burning. I heard him singing the song. I heard my name called.
I can’t make myself understood in English. I found my car missing.
15
（人教版）2020高考英语试题分项版解析 专题07 非谓语动词（含解析）
