does the body triggered (激发) these reactions? When we encounter something we’re not familiar, our brain and body start making changes to help prepare us for the unknown. These changes are part of the body’s “threat,” “stress,” or “fight-or-flight” response. This response is triggered by the five senses, which are always sending information to the brain. 37 , the brain sounds a danger alarm. It releases chemicals into the bloodstream, and those chemicals act on different parts of the body. Once the body is alert（警觉的）, the brain decides whether or not the danger is real.
38 . It urges a person to hide, run away, or defend oneself. Faster heartbeat and breathing send more blood and oxygen to the muscles so they’re ready when they’re needed. Stress chemicals can make a person more alert. Our memories also help protect us. We keep a close eye on babies because they don’t understand what might hurt them. As babies grow, they learn what’s unsafe, and their brains store those memories. 39 .
Experiences can lead to long-lasting fears that may stop a person from trying new things. We’re born with the ability to feel fear, but a lot of what we’re afraid of is learned. A long-lasting fear can mean you’ve had a bad experience, and your brain doesn’t want you to have it again. Many people have beaten their own fears. Here’s one method. 40 , they learn the facts about anything that seems scary. Knowledge can help a person feel less afraid.
A. Instead of listening to their imagination B. When they signal something unexpected C. Our heart beats harder, and we breathe faster
D. Then their brains use fear to warn them of dangers E. It’s good to have a healthy sense of what’s dangerous F. Fear is a tool that the brain uses to keep the body safe
G. Memories are an important factor in fear-lasting experiences 第三部分 英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分） 第一节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Ethan Katz enjoys playing with his dogs, McFly and Brooklyn, and often helps his grandma feed and 41 her five dogs. For his ninth birthday, Ethan 42 the idea to sell T-shirts for his favorite 43 , City Dogs Rescue in Washington, D.C.
The dogs of Ethan’s and his grandma’s were 44 from animal shelters. Most shelters have 45 on the number of animals they can care for. City Dogs Rescue 46 dogs from over-crowded shelters. Volunteers, called fosters, care for the animals 47 they’re adopted.
Ethan went on a website for T-shirt designing and fund-raising. He typed a(n) 48 about his project, designed a T-shirt, and 49 each shirt at $20. Every time someone bought one, part of that 50 went to City Dogs Rescue.
As word spread, many people bought shirts. “My 51 goal was to sell 75 shirts, and I went 52 that in three days,” said Ethan. By the end of his 30-day fund-raising 53 , he had sold 179 shirts and raised $2,640. That money helped City Dogs Rescue save 10 dogs from overcrowded shelters.
But Ethan wasn’t finished. People continued to 54 City Dogs Rescue about buying shirts. So Ethan decided to 55 the fund-raising event for another month. Through T-shirt sales and other 56 , he finally raised more than $14,500 in all. Dogs in D.C. are 57 to have him as their friend!
6
Kids often feel as if they had no say in things, and Ethan 58 them that they could have a real 59 . His love for his own dogs 60 Ethan Katz to help others. 41. A. observe B. sell C. walk D. save 42. A. shared B. changed C.went on with D. came up with 43. A. dog B. charity C. shelter D. event 44. A. adopted B. abandoned C. protected D. kept 45. A. decrease B. attention C. changes D. limits 46. A. refuses B. replaces C. removes D. returns 47. A. until B. after C. because D. although 48. A. email B. phrase C. picture D. paragraph 49. A. paid B. priced C. bought D. donated 50. A. time B. cost C. love D. money 51. A. special B. original C. unique D. final 52. A. for B. into C. above D. after 53. A. show B. drive C. meeting D. organization 54. A. contact B. visit C. promise D. advise 55. A. cover B. start C. direct D. run 56. A. donations B. rescues C. decisions D. discussions 57. A. friendly B. popular C. lucky D. lovely 58. A. guaranteed B. expected C. showed D. judged 59. A. effect B. result C. purpose D. identity 60. A. approved B. inspired C. followed D. adapted 第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。将答案填写在答题卡的相应位置。
Cambridge Dictionary has declared “upcycling” as 61 Word of the Year 2019. The word refers to the act of making new items out of old or 62 (use) things or waste materials.
63 number of times “upcycling” has been looked up on the Cambridge Dictionary website 64 (rise) by 181% since December of 2011, 65 it was first added to the online dictionary. In the past year alone 66 (search) for the word have doubled.
Wendalyn Nichols, Publishing Manager of Cambridge Dictionary, believes that the word’s recent popularity is being caused by people’s growing 67 (aware) of climate change and other environmental issues. “ 68 (stop) the gradual process of climate change, let alone changing it around 69 (absolute), can seem impossible at times. Upcycling is a concrete action a single human being can take 70 (make) a difference,” he said.
Many other words on the shortlist for Word of the Year 2019 reflect the same concern with the effects of climate change, including “carbon sink” and “compostable”. 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分35分）
第一节 短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除：把多余的词用斜线（\\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
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I felt so proudly when my team won the ice hockey competition. It made me feel that I can achieve anything. Only three years ago, I was terrifying of walking or skating on ice. To deal with this, I decided to join in a skating club. My teacher was great and after I knew it, I was able to skate. He then persuaded me try ice hockey. I loved one and was soon practise with my local team almost every evening. We’re now training for national competitions and hope to be champion some day. But my final goal is to be a ice hockey teacher. 第二节 书面表达 （满分25分）
假定你是书法爱好者李华，你的英国笔友Sally十分喜欢你的书法作品(calligraphy piece)，想向你了解学书法的好处。请你根据下图给她写封电子邮件，内容包括：
1. 学书法的好处；
2. 赠送你的书法作品； 3. 解释作品的含义等。 注意：
1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3. 结束语已为你写好。
2019—2020学年度第一学期福州市高三期末质量检测
英语试题参考答案及评分标准
第一部分：
1-5 ABCCA 6-10 CCBAB
16-20 ABCAB
11-15
AACBC
第二部分：
21-23 BDA 24-27 ACBB 28-31 DBAD 32-35 DCCA
36-40 CBFDA 第三部分：
41-45 CDBAD 46-50 CADBD
56-60 ACCAB
62. used 63. The 64. has risen 65. when
51-55
BCBAD
61. its
66. searches 67. awareness 68. Stopping 69. absolutely 70. to make 评分原则:
语法填空题如出现可接受的答案，由评卷点裁定，酌情给分。此次大小写错误不扣分。 第四部分： 第一节：
I felt so proudly when my team won the ice hockey competition. It made me feel that I can
proud could
8
achieve anything. Only three years ago, I was terrifying of walking or skating on ice. To deal with terrified this, I decided to join in a skating club. My teacher was great and after I knew it, I was able to
before
skate. He then persuaded me ∧ try ice hockey. I loved one and was soon practise with my local
to it practis(c)ing
team almost every evening. We’re now training for national competitions and hope to be champion some day. But my final goal is to be a ice hockey teacher. champions an
评分原则:
短文改错题如出现可接受的答案，由评卷点裁定，酌情给分。此次大小写错误不扣分。 第二节： 一、评分原则
1．本题总分为25分，按5个档次给分。
2．评分时，先根据文章的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求来衡量，确定或调整档次，最后给分。
3．词数少于80和多于120的，从总分中减去2分。
4．评分时应注意的主要内容为：内容要点、应用词汇和语法结构的丰富性和准确性及上下文的连贯性。
5．拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个方面，评分时，应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。英、美拼写及词汇用法均可接受。
6．如书写较差以致影响交际，可将分数降低一个档次。 二、内容要点
1. 学书法的好处。
2. 赠送你的书法作品；（考生可以理解为即将赠送，也可理解为已赠送。） 3. 解释作品的含义等。
9
三、各档次的给分范围和要求
第五档 完全完成了试题规定的任务。 —覆盖所有内容要点。 —应用了较多的语法结构和词汇。 —语法结构或词汇方面有些许错误，但为尽力使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇所(21~25分) 致；具备较强的语言运用能力。 —有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑。 完全达到了预期的写作目的。 第四档 完成了试题规定的任务。 —虽漏掉一两个次重点，但覆盖所有主要内容。 —应用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务的要求。 —语法结构或词汇方面应用基本准确，些许错误主要是因尝试较复杂语法结构或(16~20分) 词汇所致。 —应用简单的语句间连接成分，使全文结构紧凑。 达到了预期的写作目的。 第三档 基本完成了试题规定的任务。 —虽漏掉一些内容，但覆盖所有主要内容。 —应用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务的要求。 （11~15分） —有一些语法结构或词汇方面的错误，但不影响理解。 —应用简单的语句间连接成分，使全文内容连贯。 基本达到了预期的写作目的。 第二档 未适当完成试题规定的任务。 —漏掉或未描述清楚一些主要内容，写了一些无关内容。 —语法结构单调，词汇知识有限。 （6~10分） —有一些语法结构或词汇方面的错误，影响了对写作内容的理解。 —较少使用语句间的连接成分，内容缺少连贯性。 信息未能清楚地传达给读者。 第一档 未完成试题规定的任务。 10
2019—2020学年度第一学期福州市高三期末质量检测(附答案)
