定语从句基础知识
简单句的基本句型
? 1.主语+谓语（vi.） ? He left early that morning. ? 2.主语+系动词+表语 ? We are students. ? He looks handsome.
? 3.主语+谓语（vi.）+介词+宾语
? They are listening to the radio . （介宾） ? 4.主语+谓语（vt.）+宾语 ? I like playing basketball.(动宾)
如何判断从句
? 主语从句
? Your words made me happy. ? What you said made me happy. ? 表语从句
? He looks handsome. ? It looks as if he were ill. ? 宾语从句(动宾) ? He told us a story. ? He told us that we would have a holiday. ? 宾语从句(介宾)
? I am not interested in
whether you are coming or not. ? 状语从句
? I found my purse in my drawer. ? I found my purse where I left it. ? I thank you for your help. ? I thank you because you helped me. ? 定语从句
? Mary is a beautiful girl. ? Mary is a girl who/that is beautiful. ? I am interested in the book.
The positions of the attribute:（定语的位置）
? 1. This is a flower basket. ? 2. This is a basket full of flowers.
? 3. This is a basket that I want to put flowers in.
? 单个的词作定语时要放于被修饰词之前，短语或从句作定语时要放于被修饰词之后。
定语从句
1. 定义：又称形容词性从句，在复合句中修饰名词或代词，起定语作用。
2. 先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词。 3. 关系代词\\关系副词：引导定语从句的词。
关系代词：which, that, who, whom, whose等，在定语从句中作主语、宾语、定语和表语。
关系副词：where, why, when，在定语从句中作状语。
关系代词的用法
1. which指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾 语，做宾语时常可省略。 1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys. 2) He likes to read books which are written by foreign writers.
3) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. 4) The film (which) they went to see last night was not interesting at all.
2. who指人，作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省 略）
1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 2)A person who steals things is called a thief. 3. whom指人，作宾语 (作宾语可省略，如 介词提前则不能省) 1)The man (whom/who) I talked to is Mr. Li. 2)The man to whom I talked is Mr. Li. 4. that指人时，相当于who或whom；指 物时，相当于which。在定语从句中作
主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。
1）Where is the man（ that/whom ）I saw this morning? 2) The person（ that/whom） you introduced to me is very kind.
3) The season that/which comes after spring is summer. 4) Yesterday I received a letter that/which came from Australia. 5. whose在定语从句中作定语，与后面的名 词为所属关系。 whose多指人，也可指
物，指物时可与of which互换使用。 1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor. 2) The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired. = The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.
注：whose不能单独引导定语从句，它只能和所修饰的名词一起引导定语从句。即：“whose+名词”结构，whose在从句中作定语。 6. that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换，但在下列情况下，一般用that而不用which。
(1) 限制性定语从句中先行词为all, everything, anything, nothing, none, few, little, some等不定代词指物时。(something用that或which均可)
Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li said? There seems to be nothing that is impossible to him in the world.
(2) There be句型中用that。
There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. (3) 先行词被序数词或最高级修饰。
This is the first book (that) he has read. This is the best film (that) I have ever seen. This is the first time (that) I am in Beijing. (4) 先行词是who或which引导的主句。 Who is the girl that drove the car? Who that broke the window will be punished? Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?
Who is the man that is reading the newspaper over there? (5) 当先行词既有人又有物。
They talked about the persons and things that they remembered at school. Look at the man and his donkey that are walking up the street. (6) 先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much, the only, the very, the last, just, right等修饰。 I’ve read all the books that are not mine. This is the very book that belongs to him. 7. 一般用which而不用that的情况。 (1) 紧跟介词作宾语
There are many trees under which they can have a rest. (2) 在非限制性定语从句中
Football, which is a very popular game, is played all over the world. (3) 作定语
He may be late, in which case, we should wait for him. 8.修饰人时关系代词that和who, whom的区分。 ? 当主句中的主语是who时，只能用that。 ? Who is the girl that is standing over there? ? 在非限制性定语从句中以及介词后面时只能用who或者whom。 ? I have a son, who is really lovely and interesting. ? There are 40 students in the class, most of whom are boys.
定语从句(who,whom,which,that,whose)1
