1．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)She has turned down several ________ (invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.
【解析】考查名词复数。根据句意可知Sarah已拒绝了好几个邀请，前面有several修饰，故用invitation的复数形式。 【答案】invitations
2．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)This development was only possible with the ____________ (introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts.
【解析】考查词性转换。空格前是the，后面应该是名词。故填名词introduction。 【答案】introduction
3．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Besides，they often get some useful informations from the Internet. ____________
【解析】考查名词的用法。information为不可数名词，没有复数形式。 【答案】informations→information
4.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)The instructor kept repeating the word, “Speed up！” “Slow down！” “Turn left！” ____________
5．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ改编)They live far from the school，and it takes them about ________ hour and a half to go to work every day.
【解析】考查冠词。后面的单词hour以元音音素开头。故用不定冠词an。此处也可用one表示“一个”。 【答案】an/one
6．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Around me in picture are the things that were very important in my life at that time：car magazines and musical instruments.
【解析】考查冠词或限定词。根据语境可知这张照片是上文提到的照片，是特指。 【答案】在picture前加the或this
7．(2016·新课标Ⅰ，61)But for tourists like me，pandas are its top ________(attract)． 【答案】attraction
【解析】句意：但是对于像我一样的游客来说，大熊猫是最大的吸引。形容词top“头等的；
最重要的”后面跟名词形式。
8．(2016·新课标Ⅰ，69)The nursery team switches him every few ________(day)with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed... 【答案】days
【解析】句意：护理团队每隔几天就把他和他的妹妹互换一下，这样当他们中的一个在被人工喂养的时候??。every few days“每隔几天”。
9．(2016·新课标Ⅱ，42)Then，handle the most important tasks first so you'll feel a real sense of ________(achieve)． 【答案】achievement
【解析】句意：然后，首先处理最重要的任务，那么你会感到真正意义上的成就。介词of后应用名词作宾语。
10．(2016·新课标Ⅱ，46)Recent ________(study)show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly． 【答案】studies
【解析】句意：最近的研究显示如果我们有规律地进行短暂的休息的话，我们工作的效率会更高。study“研究”为可数名词，本句的谓语动词为show，说明主语应用名词复数studies。 11．(2016·新课标Ⅲ，68)Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius，who lived from roughly 551 to 479 B．C.，influenced the ________ (develop)of chopsticks.
【答案】development
12．(2016·四川，65)Any smell might attract natural ________(enemy)that would try to eat the little panda. 【答案】enemies
【解析】句意：任何气味都有可能吸引自然界中那些想要吃掉熊猫宝宝的敌人。根据常识可知，此处表示“吸引了自然界中的敌人”，故填可数名词enemy的复数形式。
13．(2016·浙江，4)It is important to pay your electricity bill on time，as late ________(pay)may affect your credit. 【答案】payments
【解析】句意：准时付电费很重要，因为支付晚了会影响你的信用。前面有形容词late修饰，此处应用名词形式，payment可用作可数名词，所以用复数形式。
14．(2016·浙江，8)We can achieve a lot when we learn to let our _______ _(different)unite，rather than divide us. 【答案】differences
【解析】句意：当我们学会“求同存异”，而不是“分崩离析”的时候，我们就能获得很多。物主代词our后面接名词，这里是指“我们的差异”，所以用复数形式。
15．(2016·新课标Ⅰ，70)The nursery team switches him every few days with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed，________ other is with mum—she never suspects. 【答案】the
16．(2016·新课标Ⅱ，48)Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for ________ while，exercising，or doing something you enjoy. 【答案】a
【解析】句意：你可以先出去一会儿，通过锻炼或做些你喜欢的事情来让你的身体和大脑得到休息。for a while意为“一会儿”。
易错起源1 望词生义
例1． We most prefer to say yes to the________of someone we know and like.(attempts, requests, doubts, promises)
答案：requests 解析：本题结合名词词义辨析考查语境选词。句意：我们大都更愿意答应我们所了解和喜欢人的________。attempt尝试；request要求，请求；doubt怀疑；promise保证，允诺。由语境可知，只能是对别人的请求(requests)说yes，即：答应对方的请求。
【名师点睛】
同义词、近义词甚至是形近词有着不同的含义和适用场合，要特别注意在特定语境中准确运用词汇和语法知识的能力。平时要努力扩大词汇量，做题时要深入理解语境，整体把握，结合句意作出最佳选择。
【锦囊妙计，战胜自我】
名词词义辨析是高考的热点，主要考查考生结合语境区分词义的能力，因而在记忆单词时，一定要结合语境体会其意义。如近几年高考中常出现的：
(1)expectation(期望)；reputation(声誉)；contribution(贡献)；civilization(文明)
(2)accommodation(住宿)；occupation(职业)；adaptation(适应，改编)；appreciation(欣赏)
易错起源2 误用冠词
例2、I can't tell you ________ way to the Wilsons' because we don't have ________ Wilson here in the village.
【名师点睛】
1．用于表示泛指或一般意义的物质名词、抽象名词、专有名词、复数名词等之前。 Knowledge begins with practice. 知识从实践开始。
Teachers should be respected. 教师应该受到尊重。
2．东、西方都有的节日名称前不用冠词，如：New Year's Day, Christmas, National Day, Army Day等；但中国的节日一般用定冠词，如：the Spring Festival, the Mid-Autumn Festival等。
3．月份、日期前一般不用冠词，如：in October, on March 8等。 4．三餐名词前不用冠词，如：have breakfast/lunch/dinner等。
但有定语修饰时需加不定冠词，如：have a big breakfast，have a wonderful lunch等。
5．表示体育运动的名词前不用冠词，如：play football/cards/chess等；但乐器名词前需加定冠词，如：play the violin/the piano等。
6．用于作表语、补足语、同位语的唯一职位名词前。
John is captain of the team. 约翰是这个队的队长。
They elected him president of the society. 他们选他为协会会长。
7．用于表示“变成”的turn后、作表语的单数名词前。 He was a teacher before he turned writer. 他成为作家之前是教师。
8．用于让步状语从句倒装的单数可数名词前。
Child as he is (＝Although he is a child), he knows a lot. 他虽然是个孩子，但懂得很多。
9．用于某些用介词by构成的表方式的短语中。 by bus 乘公共汽车 by plane/by air 乘飞机 by land 走陆路 by sea 走海路 by phone 用电话 by letter 用信件 by post 用邮寄 by hand 用手工 10．用于某些独立主格结构中。
The teacher came in, book in hand (＝with a book in his hand)． 老师走了进来，手里拿着书。 【锦囊妙计，战胜自我】 冠词运用一定要注意语境。
易错起源3 序数词、比较级、最高级前误用定冠词
例3．His English is ________ second to none. And he is going to learn ________ second language in ________ second grade.
A．/；a；the C．/；the；a
B．the；the；a D．a；the；the
【答案】A 【解析】second to none“首屈一指”是固定短语，second前不加冠词；second前加不定冠词表示“又一，再一”；the second grade表示“二年级”。故正确答案为A。
【名师点睛】
1．泛指某一类人或物中的任何一个。
2018年高考英语二轮复习易错点专练：专题01 名词与冠词(2)
