1.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)She has turned down several ________ (invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.
【解析】考查名词复数。根据句意可知Sarah已拒绝了好几个邀请,前面有several修饰,故用invitation的复数形式。 【答案】invitations
2.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)This development was only possible with the ____________ (introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts.
【解析】考查词性转换。空格前是the,后面应该是名词。故填名词introduction。 【答案】introduction
3.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Besides,they often get some useful informations from the Internet. ____________
【解析】考查名词的用法。information为不可数名词,没有复数形式。 【答案】informations→information
4.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)The instructor kept repeating the word, “Speed up!” “Slow down!” “Turn left!” ____________
5.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ改编)They live far from the school,and it takes them about ________ hour and a half to go to work every day.
【解析】考查冠词。后面的单词hour以元音音素开头。故用不定冠词an。此处也可用one表示“一个”。 【答案】an/one
6.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Around me in picture are the things that were very important in my life at that time:car magazines and musical instruments.
【解析】考查冠词或限定词。根据语境可知这张照片是上文提到的照片,是特指。 【答案】在picture前加the或this
7.(2016·新课标Ⅰ,61)But for tourists like me,pandas are its top ________(attract). 【答案】attraction
【解析】句意:但是对于像我一样的游客来说,大熊猫是最大的吸引。形容词top“头等的;
最重要的”后面跟名词形式。
8.(2016·新课标Ⅰ,69)The nursery team switches him every few ________(day)with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed... 【答案】days
【解析】句意:护理团队每隔几天就把他和他的妹妹互换一下,这样当他们中的一个在被人工喂养的时候??。every few days“每隔几天”。
9.(2016·新课标Ⅱ,42)Then,handle the most important tasks first so you'll feel a real sense of ________(achieve). 【答案】achievement
【解析】句意:然后,首先处理最重要的任务,那么你会感到真正意义上的成就。介词of后应用名词作宾语。
10.(2016·新课标Ⅱ,46)Recent ________(study)show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly. 【答案】studies
【解析】句意:最近的研究显示如果我们有规律地进行短暂的休息的话,我们工作的效率会更高。study“研究”为可数名词,本句的谓语动词为show,说明主语应用名词复数studies。 11.(2016·新课标Ⅲ,68)Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius,who lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C.,influenced the ________ (develop)of chopsticks.
【答案】development
12.(2016·四川,65)Any smell might attract natural ________(enemy)that would try to eat the little panda. 【答案】enemies
【解析】句意:任何气味都有可能吸引自然界中那些想要吃掉熊猫宝宝的敌人。根据常识可知,此处表示“吸引了自然界中的敌人”,故填可数名词enemy的复数形式。
13.(2016·浙江,4)It is important to pay your electricity bill on time,as late ________(pay)may affect your credit. 【答案】payments
【解析】句意:准时付电费很重要,因为支付晚了会影响你的信用。前面有形容词late修饰,此处应用名词形式,payment可用作可数名词,所以用复数形式。
14.(2016·浙江,8)We can achieve a lot when we learn to let our _______ _(different)unite,rather than divide us. 【答案】differences
【解析】句意:当我们学会“求同存异”,而不是“分崩离析”的时候,我们就能获得很多。物主代词our后面接名词,这里是指“我们的差异”,所以用复数形式。
15.(2016·新课标Ⅰ,70)The nursery team switches him every few days with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed,________ other is with mum—she never suspects. 【答案】the
16.(2016·新课标Ⅱ,48)Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for ________ while,exercising,or doing something you enjoy. 【答案】a
【解析】句意:你可以先出去一会儿,通过锻炼或做些你喜欢的事情来让你的身体和大脑得到休息。for a while意为“一会儿”。
易错起源1 望词生义
例1. We most prefer to say yes to the________of someone we know and like.(attempts, requests, doubts, promises)
答案:requests 解析:本题结合名词词义辨析考查语境选词。句意:我们大都更愿意答应我们所了解和喜欢人的________。attempt尝试;request要求,请求;doubt怀疑;promise保证,允诺。由语境可知,只能是对别人的请求(requests)说yes,即:答应对方的请求。
【名师点睛】
同义词、近义词甚至是形近词有着不同的含义和适用场合,要特别注意在特定语境中准确运用词汇和语法知识的能力。平时要努力扩大词汇量,做题时要深入理解语境,整体把握,结合句意作出最佳选择。
【锦囊妙计,战胜自我】
名词词义辨析是高考的热点,主要考查考生结合语境区分词义的能力,因而在记忆单词时,一定要结合语境体会其意义。如近几年高考中常出现的:
(1)expectation(期望);reputation(声誉);contribution(贡献);civilization(文明)
(2)accommodation(住宿);occupation(职业);adaptation(适应,改编);appreciation(欣赏)
易错起源2 误用冠词
例2、I can't tell you ________ way to the Wilsons' because we don't have ________ Wilson here in the village.
【名师点睛】
1.用于表示泛指或一般意义的物质名词、抽象名词、专有名词、复数名词等之前。 Knowledge begins with practice. 知识从实践开始。
Teachers should be respected. 教师应该受到尊重。
2.东、西方都有的节日名称前不用冠词,如:New Year's Day, Christmas, National Day, Army Day等;但中国的节日一般用定冠词,如:the Spring Festival, the Mid-Autumn Festival等。
3.月份、日期前一般不用冠词,如:in October, on March 8等。 4.三餐名词前不用冠词,如:have breakfast/lunch/dinner等。
但有定语修饰时需加不定冠词,如:have a big breakfast,have a wonderful lunch等。
5.表示体育运动的名词前不用冠词,如:play football/cards/chess等;但乐器名词前需加定冠词,如:play the violin/the piano等。
6.用于作表语、补足语、同位语的唯一职位名词前。
John is captain of the team. 约翰是这个队的队长。
They elected him president of the society. 他们选他为协会会长。
7.用于表示“变成”的turn后、作表语的单数名词前。 He was a teacher before he turned writer. 他成为作家之前是教师。
8.用于让步状语从句倒装的单数可数名词前。
Child as he is (=Although he is a child), he knows a lot. 他虽然是个孩子,但懂得很多。
9.用于某些用介词by构成的表方式的短语中。 by bus 乘公共汽车 by plane/by air 乘飞机 by land 走陆路 by sea 走海路 by phone 用电话 by letter 用信件 by post 用邮寄 by hand 用手工 10.用于某些独立主格结构中。
The teacher came in, book in hand (=with a book in his hand). 老师走了进来,手里拿着书。 【锦囊妙计,战胜自我】 冠词运用一定要注意语境。
易错起源3 序数词、比较级、最高级前误用定冠词
例3.His English is ________ second to none. And he is going to learn ________ second language in ________ second grade.
A./;a;the C./;the;a
B.the;the;a D.a;the;the
【答案】A 【解析】second to none“首屈一指”是固定短语,second前不加冠词;second前加不定冠词表示“又一,再一”;the second grade表示“二年级”。故正确答案为A。
【名师点睛】
1.泛指某一类人或物中的任何一个。
2018年高考英语二轮复习易错点专练:专题01 名词与冠词(2)
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