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Unit 1 The written word语言点
：牛新阁 ：
学习目标 重点词汇
characteristic, abuse// harm, desperate, plot// generous, vain, resist, rescue, intend, spring
重点短语
have nothing to do with, come out , make the acquaintance of, be set in, give away, (be) bent on (doing) sth. on the run, live up to, free from, under the control of worn out, touch on
重点句型
双重否定表示肯定
知识讲解 重点词汇 characteristic
【原句回放】Because a lot of classics were written so long ago, their language characteristics are quite different from those of modern works. 因为许多经典文学作品是在很久以前创作的，它们的语言文字与现代文学作品的语言文字有着很大区别。
【点拨】characteristic n. 特征，特性；adj. 典型的；独特的，特有的 Genes determine the characteristics of every living thing. 基因决定每个生物的特征。
The people in the city have to live with the characteristic noises of cities. 城市里的人们不得不忍受都市特有的喧嚣。
【拓展】character n. 字；个性，性格；特色；(事物的)特性 characterize vt. 以……为特征；描绘
Using two Chinese characters, he described the character of the leading character that he played in the film. 他用了两个汉字来描述他在电影中扮演的主角的性格。
abuse // harm 【原句回放】Pip’s sister often abuses him, but Joe is a kind and simple man who would rather die than see any harm come to Pip. 皮普的姐姐经常辱骂他，但乔却是一个淳朴善良的人，他宁愿死也不愿意看到皮普受到任何伤害。 【点拨1】abuse vt. 虐待，辱骂；滥用
Some nursing home patients were neglected or abused. 一些护理中心的病人被人忽视或遭到虐待。
She abused her position as principal by giving jobs to her friends. 她滥用自己作为校长的职权，把工作安排给朋友们。 He was arrested on charges of corruption and abuse of power. 他因被控贪污腐败和滥用职权而遭逮捕。
【点拨2】harm n. 伤害，损害，危害；邪恶，恶行
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v. 伤害，损害，危害
常用搭配：do harm to ... 对……有害 mean no harm 没有恶意 A little wine won’t do you any harm. 一点葡萄酒对你没坏处。
I know he meant no harm, but it was a very personal question. 我知道他没有恶意，但这是个涉及个人隐私的问题。 He would never harm anyone. 他永远不会伤害任何人。
desperate
【原句回放】Pip, who is seven years old when the story begins, is in a foggy cemetery when a desperate criminal appears and frightens him. 故事开始时，七岁的皮普正在一个浓雾笼罩的墓地中，就在这时一个穷凶极恶的罪犯突然出现了并恐吓他。
【点拨】desperate adj. 铤而走险的；拼命的；绝望的；非常需要；渴望 常用搭配：
be desperate for 渴望……，迫切需要…… be desperate to do sth. 非常想做某事
When they were in desperate need, he went to their aid. 当他们陷于极度穷困时，他援助了他们。
Having suffered from the war for too long, Syrians are desperate for peace. 长期遭受战争之苦，叙利亚人渴望和平。
He was desperate to win a gold medal at the Olympics Games, but failed. 他很渴望在奥运会上赢得一枚金牌，但未能如愿。 【拓展】desperation n. 绝望
desperately adv. 绝望地；拼命地 In desperation, he opened the third envelope. 绝望之中，他打开了第三个信封。
plot // generous
【原句回放】There is a twist in the plot when a very generous stranger gives Pip a large fortune. 当一位非常慷慨的陌生人给了皮普一大笔财产时，故事的情节发生了曲折变化。 【点拨1】plot n. 故事情节；阴谋，密谋 v．密谋；绘制(图表) 常用搭配：plot against 密谋反对 plot to do sth. 密谋做某事
It is widely acknowledged that the play has a very complicated plot. 大家普遍认为这出戏的情节相当复杂。
We didn’t know that the criminals were plotting to rob the bank. 我们不知道犯罪分子正密谋抢劫银行。
The rebels are trying to plot against the government secretly. 反叛者企图秘密策划推翻政府。
【点拨2】generous adj. 慷慨的，大方的；宽厚的，仁慈的 常用搭配：
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be generous with 在……方面大方(不吝啬) be generous in doing sth. 乐于做某事 be generous to sb. 对某人大方
be generous to do sth. 慷慨地做某事
It was generous of him to offer to pay for us both. 他主动为我们两人付钱，真是大方。
Our teachers are generous with their time to explain the questions to us. 我们的老师在给我们讲解题目时总是毫不吝惜他们自己的时间。 He is not generous to everybody he knows with money. 在金钱上，他并非对他认识的每个人都很大方。 vain
【原句回放】Money and education, however, change him, and before long he becomes vain and ashamed of his background. 然而，金钱和教育改变了他，不久后他变得虚荣，对自己的出身感到羞愧。
【点拨】vain adj. 虚荣的，自负的；徒劳的，无结果的 常用搭配：in vain 徒劳，白费力气地
a vain attempt/effort 徒劳的尝试/努力
Men can be just as vain as women. 男人有时和女人一样虚荣。 After his success, he became vain. 成功后，他变得自负起来。 I have tried very hard to find a solution to the problem, but in vain. 为找到问题的解决办法，我已经尽力了，但还是白费力气。
resist
【原句回放】Fagin and his group of criminals find him and drag him back into the life of crime, pressuring him with the threat of violence if he resists. 费金和他的犯罪团伙发现了他，又把他拉回到了犯罪的生活中，向他施加压力，威胁他如果他反抗，就会对他实行暴力。 【点拨】resist vt. & vi. 反抗，抵制；抵挡 常用搭配：resist doing sth. 忍住/抵制做某事 He couldn’t resist showing off his new car. 他忍不住炫耀起了他的新车。
It’s pretty hard to resist Jacob’s smile. 雅各布的微笑让人难以抗拒。
I put the phone back down, resisting the urge to call her. 我放下电话，克制住想给她打电话的冲动。 【拓展】resistance n. 抵制，抗拒 resistant adj. 有抵抗力的
rescue
【原句回放】My favourite character in “The Attic” is Stuart, who comes to her rescue and adds some comedy to this otherwise dark tale. 在《阁楼》中，我最喜欢的角色是斯图尔特，他救了她，还给这个本来灰暗的故事增加了一丝喜剧色彩。 【点拨】rescue vt. 营救，援救
n. 救援；营救（行动）；抢救
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常用搭配：come to one’s rescue 救援某人，帮助某人 He dived from the bridge to rescue the drowning child. 他从桥上跳入水中去抢救那名溺水儿童。
The government has rescued the firm from bankruptcy by giving them a grant. 政府拨款给这家公司使其免于破产。
Had the firemen not come to our rescue in time, my family would have been killed in the fire. 要不是消防队员及时救援，我们一家或许早已葬身火海。 【拓展】rescue和save的区别
1. rescue和save均有“营救、拯救、搭救”之意。 2. rescue多指营救某人脱离紧迫的危险。
3. save 含义广泛，既可指营救某人使脱离危险，也可指精神或道德上的拯救。
intend
【原句回放】The poem was published in 1794 and，like many of Burns’s poems，it was intended to be a song. 这首诗发表于1794年，如同彭斯的许多诗歌一样，这首诗原是为歌咏而作。 【点拨】intend vt. & vi. 打算，计划，想要 常用搭配：
intend to do sth. 打算做
intend sb. to do 打算使某人做
be intended to do 意思是使；是用来 be intended for 为……所用
The laws were intended to protect wildlife. 这些法律旨在保护野生动物。
I haven’t been to the exhibition; neither do I intend to go. 我还没有看展览会，我也不想去。 I intend him to do it at once. 我打算让他立刻着手做这事。 This book is intended for beginners. 这本书专为初学者而编。
spring
【原句回放】That’s newly sprung in June 在六月里含苞绽开
【点拨】spring vi. 突然出现，蹦，跳；发生（过去式 sprang；过去分词 sprung） 常用搭配：spring up 跳起，跃起；出现 She sprang out of her chair to greet her father. 她从椅子上跳起来迎接她父亲。 A breeze has sprung up. 微风已开始吹拂。
He sprang to his feet and rushed out of the room. 他跳起身奔出了房间。
【拓展】spring n. 泉，泉眼；弹簧；弹性，弹力；活力；春天
重点短语
have nothing to do with
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【原句回放】Many people do not read them, because they think classics are old and boring and have nothing to do with life today. 许多人不读经典文学作品，因为他们认为经典文学作品过时了，而且枯燥乏味，与现代生活没有任何关系。 【点拨】be / have nothing to do with 与……无关 类似短语：
be / have something (much/a lot/a great deal) to do with 与……有(很大)关系 have little to do with 与……几乎没有关系
I have nothing to do with my neighbour because he is a selfish man. 我和我的邻居从不来往，因为他是个自私的人。 Go out! It’s nothing to do with you. 出去！这根本就不关你的事。
It is reported that the famous hostess has something to do with the case. 据报道，那个著名的女主持人和这个案子有关。 The heading seemed to have little to do with the text. 这个标题看上去和正文关系不大。 【拓展】含nothing的短语 for nothing 免费；平白无故地 nothing but 只不过
anything but一点也不，除……外都
come out
【原句回放】In 1995, and award-winning film based on Jane Austen’s novel Emma came out. 1995年，一部根据简·奥斯丁的小说《爱玛》改编的获奖影片问世。 【点拨】come out 出版，出现，出来，被获知 That magazine comes out once a month． 那个杂志每月出一期。
The sun came out from behind the clouds late in the afternoon． 傍晚时分，太阳从云层后面露了出来。 The secret will finally come out． 这个秘密终究要被人知道的。
Some flowers have begun to come out in early spring． 早春时节，有些花已经开放了。 【拓展】come的相关短语：
come about 发生 come along 一道来；一起去；进步；赶快 come across 偶然碰见，想到 come down 倒塌，下降；流传下来 come at 袭击 come from 出身于；来自
come to... 总计；谈到，涉及 come up with 想出(计划、回答) come up 开始；发生；被提出，被讨论；走过来
make the acquaintance of
【原句回放】The best part of the story is when Pip makes the acquaintance of the man who gives him his fortune. 故事最精彩的部分是皮普结识那个给他财富的人的时候。
【点拨】make the acquaintance of （=make one’s acquaintance）和……相识，结识 I made the acquaintance of several musicians around that time.
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译林牛津版高中英语选修八知识讲解 Unit 1 The written word 语言点
