清华大学本科毕设论文 - 图文

清 华 大 学

综 合 论 文 训 练

题目：基于四旋翼无人机的

PM2.5测量

系 别：电子工程系

专 业：电子信息科学与技术

中文摘要

近年来，随着无人航空技术发展的日趋完善与成熟，无人机逐渐受到重视并且得到广泛应用。无人机凭借其机动强、经济上较为实惠、方便起飞、降落等方面的优势，越来越受到人们的青睐。同时，无线遥感技术的飞速发展与日趋完善，也在很大程度推动了无人机的应用，无人搭载平台在空气检测、环境监测、恶劣条件侦探、航拍等方面都得到广泛应用。

本课题以无人机作为搭载平台，搭载空气传感器与GPS模块，实现对PM2.5与PM10数据的采集，在PC端通过单片机编程，实现SD卡存储所采集的数据，达到空气质量检测的目的。

本文依次介绍系统的硬件部分、软件部分。之后，对传感器的可信度进行评估，介绍如何通过单片机编程实现用SD卡存储PM2.5（PM10）值。最后对采集的数据进行处理，绘制PM2.5（PM10）随着不同的经纬度、高度、风速的变化趋势曲线图，得出结论。

关键词： 四旋翼无人机；SDS011激光传感器；STM32单片机；数据储存与显示

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ABSTRACT

With the rapid development of UAV technology, its application has become more and more widespread together. With its advantage in mobility, fastness, economy, convenience and so on, the UAV has been used more widespread. With the development of wireless remote sensing technology, the UAV has been used in meteorological monitoring, resource surveys, aerial survey and respond to emergencies widely.

This topic uses the UAV as carrying platform, and equips UAV with air sensor and GPS module, implementation of PM2.5 and PM10 data collection, through the microcontroller programming to achieve the data stored on the SD card, and finally achieve the purpose of air quality testing.

This paper firstly introduces the hardware part and software part of the system. And the evaluates the reliability of the sensor, describes how to use the

microcontroller to store the value of PM2.5(PM10) in the SD card. Finally deal with the data collected, and then draw the trends and graph of the values of PM2.5(PM10) change with the latitude and longitude, altitude, wind speed.

Keywords: Four-rotor UAV；SDS011 laser sensor；STM32 microcontroller；Data storage and display

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目 录

第1章 引言 ....................................................... 1 1.1 课题背景 ............................................................................................................ 1 1.1.1 无人机概述 ............................................................................................... 1 1.1.2 PM2.5（PM10）国内外检测现状概述 ................................................... 1 1.2 课题的研究的目的和意义 ................................................................................ 2 1.3 项目需求 ............................................................................................................ 3 1.4 整体工作介绍 .................................................................................................... 6 第2章 系统硬件概述与设计 .......................................... 7 2.1 四旋翼无人机搭载平台介绍 .......................................................................... 7 2.2 SDS011高精度激光传感器 ............................................................................ 8 2.3 ATK-NEO-6M-V23定位模块 ....................................................................... 10 2.4 开发板 .............................................................................................................. 13 2.4.1 开发板简介 ............................................................................................... 13 2.4.2 单片机给电模块 ....................................................................................... 14 2.4.3 数据存储模块 ........................................................................................... 15 第3章 系统软件概述与设计 ......................................... 17 3.1 系统环境与软件开发工具 .............................................................................. 17 3.1.1 Realview MDK介绍 .................................................................................. 17 3.1.2 J—Link仿真调试 ...................................................................................... 19 3.2 串口对数据的输入与查看 ............................................................................ 20 3.2.1 数据输入串口 ........................................................................................... 20 3.2.2 数据查看串口 ........................................................................................... 22 3.3 系统环境与软件开发工具 .............................................................................. 23 3.3.1 软件设计程序设计整体构架 ................................................................. 23 3.3.2 系统模块初始化 ..................................................................................... 24 3.3.3 对空气传感器数据处理 ......................................................................... 24 3.3.4 对GPS定位信息进行处理 .................................................................... 25 3.3.5 存储部分代码实现 ................................................................................. 27

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