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() Part I Writing 1100
40) Summary Writing (1Write a summary based on the following text. Your summary must be in a continuous paragraph and contain 120150 words.
cyberspace() was coined by William Gibson, a
science-fiction writer. He first used it in a short story in 1982, and expanded on it a couple of yeaDorsett Case, is a troubled computer hacker and drug addict. In the book Mr Gibson describes operators
His literary creation turned out to be remarkably prescient. Cyberspace has become a popular term, symbolic of the computing devices, networks, wireless links and other infrastructure that bring the internet to billions of people around the world. The myriad connections forged by these technologies have brought tremendous
ive store of
knowledge every day.
But there is a darker side to this extraordinary invention. Data breaches are becoming ever bigger and more common. Last year over 800m records were lost, mainly through such attacks. Among the most prominent recent victims has been Target, whose chief executive, Gregg Steinhafel, stood down from his job in May, a few months after the giant American retailer revealed that online intruders had stolen millions of digital records about its customers, including credit- and debit-card details. Other well-known firms such as Adobe, a tech company, and eBay, an online marketplace, have also been hit. The potential damage, though, extends well beyond such commercial incursions.
House press release earlier this year that cyber-national-
Securing cyberspace is hard because the architecture of the internet was designed to promote connectivity, not security. Its founders focused on getting it to work and
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