2019-2020年外研版高中英语必修一讲义：Module+3.Section+Ⅱ Grammar——过去分词作
定语和一般过去时的时间状语及答案
Section Ⅱ Grammar——过去分词作定语和一般过去时的时间状语
一、过去分词作定语
过去分词有两个显著的特点，即：从时间上讲，表示动作已经完成；从语态上讲，表示被动的概念，但是，如果是不及物动词的过去分词形式，则只表示时间上的过去，而没有被动意义。
1．过去分词作定语的位置
(1)单个过去分词及由过去分词构成的复合形容词作定语时，通常置于被修饰词之前，但修饰代词时，需要置于被修饰词之后。如：
a retired worker一位退休的工人 the given question给定的问题 qualified teachers合格的教师
everybody invited所有被邀请的人
注意：leave的过去分词left表示“剩余的，剩下”的意思时，置于被修饰词之后。如：
I have only one coin left. 我只剩下一个硬币了。
(2)过去分词短语作定语要后置，放在被修饰词之后。如： the languages spoken in Germany在德国使用的语言
the book written in simple English用浅显的英语写成的书 2．过去分词作定语，相当于一个定语从句，但它比定语从句更简短。
过去分词短语作后置定语时，如果和中心词之间有逗号，则其可以转换成非限制性定语从句；若无逗号，则其可以转换成限制性定语从句。
I want to take away the book shown to me yesterday.
＝I want to take away the book which was shown to me yesterday.
我想带走(你)昨天给我看的那本书。
The Olympic Games first held in 776 BC did
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2019-2020年外研版高中英语必修一讲义：Module+3.Section+Ⅱ Grammar——过去分词作
定语和一般过去时的时间状语及答案
not include women competitors until 1912.
＝The Olympic Games which were first held in 776 BC did not include women competitors until 1912.
于公元前776年首次举办的奥运会直到1912年才允许女运动员参赛。
3．表示情感的动词的过去分词
有些表示情感或心理状态的过去分词已经完全形容词化，常见的这类过去分词有：disappointed(失望的)，moved(感动的)，interested(感兴趣的)，surprised(感到惊讶的)，shocked(震惊的，震撼的)，puzzled(迷惑不解的)，frightened(受惊吓的)等。如：a frightened girl一个受惊吓的女孩。
4．不及物动词的过去分词
—些不及物动词也有过去分词形式，由于不及物动词不可以直接跟宾语，所以不及物动词的过去分词作定语时只表示动作的完成，而没有被动语态的意义。如：
newly-arrived passengers刚到的旅客 fallen leaves落叶
5．过去分词常和形容词、副词或名词构成复合形容词作定语
The newly-built hotel was burnt in the fire.
新建的宾馆在火灾中被烧掉。
[考情分析]
1．过去分词作定语在高考题中频频出现，主要从过去分词与现在分词、不定式作定语的区别的角度来设题。
2．一般过去时是英语中最基本的时态之一，常用于描述过去发生过的事。试题常见于语法填空、短文改错、完成句子及书面表达中。
[即时训练] Ⅰ.单句填空
1．Most people invited (invite) to the ball were famous stars. 2．This famous novel written (write) by Mr. Smith is worth reading.
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2019-2020年外研版高中英语必修一讲义：Module+3.Section+Ⅱ Grammar——过去分词作
定语和一般过去时的时间状语及答案
3．The question discussed (discuss) yesterday was about pollution.
4．He didn't_go (not go) to bed until 12 o'clock. 5．He caught (catch) a bad cold last week. 6．It was raining lightly when I arrived (arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn. But I didn't care.
7．While making great efforts to run away she fell (fall) over the hill and died.
8．When I was a child I hoped to live in the city. I thought (think) I would be happy there. 9．As I told (tell) you last time I made three new friends here.
10．It has been ten years since I graduated (graduate) from the university.
11．This was (be) the first time that I had been here. 12．Yang Zhenning lived (live) in America for many years and now he lives in China.
13．Hardly had the match started when we arrived (arrive)． Ⅱ.完成句子
1．The book written_by_a_farmer (一个农民写的) is very popular.
2．The problem discussed_at_the_meeting_yesterday (在昨天的会议上讨论的) was very difficult to solve.
3．The window broken_by_that_naughty_boy (被那个顽皮的男孩儿打破的) is being repaired.
4．The children examined_in_the_hospital_yesterday (昨天在医院检查的) were seriously ill.
5．The people exposed_to_the_sunlight (暴露在阳光下的) got sunburnt.
6.The boy punished_seriously_by_the_teacher (受到老师严重惩罚的) is now a college student.
7．The water sent_to_his_home (送到他家的) carried disease. 8．The English today is quite different from the English spoken_300_years_ago (300年前所说的)．
9．Most of the artists invited_to_the_party (被邀请去参加聚会的) were from South Africa.
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2019-2020年外研版高中英语必修一讲义：Module+3.Section+Ⅱ Grammar—
