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初中英语常用词语辨析大全

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他们立刻就能完成他们的家庭作业。

【注意】在这种结构中,不能用表示时间的副词来修饰,若说成:I am aboutto leave next week. 则是错误的,应去掉修饰词 next week。 6.take off是常用的短语动词,意为“下车;脱掉(衣服等);起飞”。例如:

① We are going to take off at the next stop. 我们下站下车。 ② He took off his cap and sat down. 他脱掉帽子,坐了下来。 ③ The plane took off at 7 a. m. 飞机早晨七点起飞。

7.for miles and miles 是由介词加名词构成的个词短语,在句中作状语用。再如:

①for days and days“一连好几天” ②for weeks and weeks“一连好几周” ③for months and months“一连好几个月” ④for years and years“一连好几年”

8.nothing except =nothing but =only 意为“除……之外没有”,“仅有……”。 例如:

①Under the soil there is nothing but sand. 土壤下只有沙子。 ②I had nothing in the world but a million-pound note. 除了一张一百万英镑的钞票外,我是一无所有。 9.happen to的两种用法

1)happen to sb. /sth. 一般用来强调某事发生的偶然性,如要表示事先安排或有准备的事件,则用 take place。happen 和 take place都不能用于被动。如:

① What has happened to him?

(=What\\'s wrong/the matter with him?) 他怎么了? ② What\\'s happening to the forest? 这一片森林正发生着什么情况?

③ The accident happened to him at three this afternoon. 今天下午三时他出了事。

④If anything happens to the machine, do let me know. 如果机器出了什么毛病,务请通知我。

⑤Great changes have taken place in our country in the past/last fifteen years.

十五年我们国家发生了巨大变化。(不用happen)

⑥ The sports meeting took place(=was held)in our school last week. \\\\\\\\\\

上周我校举行了一次运动会。(不用 happen) 2)happen to do 表不“碰巧……”,如: ①I happened to be out when he called. =It happened that I was out when he called. 他来访时我碰巧出去了。

②I happened to have read the article when he asked me about it. =It happened that I had read…

当他问我有关那篇文章的问题时,我碰巧读过。

▲简单句改为复合句时须注意不定式动词转换成谓语动词的时态变化。 ▲在It happened that…句型中,It为引导词,不能用人称代词。请注意其否定句中的否定词位置的转移,如“我碰巧身上没带钱”可有以下几种表达法:

③I happened not to have any money with me. =I didn\\'t happen to have any money with me. =I happened to have no money with me. = It happened that I had no money with me.

= It happened that I didn\\'t have any money with me. 10.be made from,be made of 和 be made into

1)be made of和be made from 都是“用……制成”的意思,介词of和

from都可以表示一件制成的东西所用的原料,但两者在用法上是有区别的。

be made of 表示制成成品后,仍可看出原材料是什么,保留原材料的质地形状,制作过程仅发生了物理变化。be made from 表示制成的东西完全失去了原材料的外形或特征,或原材料在制作过程中发生了化学变化,在成品中已无法辨认。试比较:

① The desks and chairs are made of wood. 这些课桌椅是木材制成的。 ②The ink bottles are made of glass. 墨水瓶是玻璃制成的。 ③ Salt is made from sea water. 盐是用海水制成的。

④ This kind of wine is made from wheat. 这种酒是用小麦制成的。 ⑤ Books are made of paper and paper is made from wood. 书是纸制成的,而纸是用木材制成的。

2)be made into意思是“被制成……”,是被动形式,也可用主动 make…into…“把……制成……”。例如:

① Glass can be made into many kinds of things. 玻璃可制成许多种东西。

=We can make glass into many kinds of things. 我们可以把玻璃制成各种东西。

②Wood can be made into paper. 木材可制成纸。 =paper can be made from wood. 纸可以用木材制造。 =We can make wood into paper. 我们可以把木材制成纸。 3)be made in意思是“在……制作的”,in表示制造的地方。

①This kind of car is made in Shanghai. 这种汽车是在上海制造的。 ②Watches made in Shanghai last long. 上海造的表经久耐用。 4)还有一个词组 be made up of,意思是“由……组成”。例如: ①The team is made up of three doctors and six nurses. 这个队是由三名医生和六名护士组成的。 常用句型结构

1.How about…? (=What about…?)意思是“……怎么样?”,为口语中的常用句型。

常用来询问消息,征求同意,提出请示,了解看法;其后可接名词,代词,动词- ing形式等。如:

① How(What) about the volleyball match? 排球赛的情况怎么样? ②What about a cup of tea? 喝杯茶怎么样? ③ How(What) about a game of chess?下盘棋怎么样? ④ How (What) about helping me off with the damp clothes? 帮我把湿衣服脱掉怎么样?

⑤How (What) about his lecture? 他的演讲怎么样? 2.It is/was +adj.+inf.可作为一个句型来学习。例如: ①It is lucky to meet you here. 有幸在这儿见到你。 ②It is not easy to get him to change his mind. 要他改变主意是不容易的。

③It is important for us to learn English well. 我们学好英语很重要。

④It is difficult for the little boy to carry the heavy box. 对那个小男孩来说,搬起那个重箱子是困难的。 3.感叹句

用来感叹名词,用 what,其句型为:What(a)+名词+主语+谓语!\\\\\\ 感叹形容词、副词用how,其句型为:How +形容词/副词+主语+谓语!例如:

① What fine weather it is. 多好的天气啊!(名词不可数) ② What clever students they are! 他们是多么聪明的学生啊! ③ How clean and tidy the room is! 多么干净整洁的房间啊! ④ How dangerous the tiger is! 这老虎太危险啦! ⑤ How heavily it rained! 雨下得真大啊! 4.take与时间短语连用时常用以下两种句型结构

1)“It takes/took(+人)+时间+动词不定式”。例如: ① It took them a whole day to finish the job. 完成那项工作花了他们一整天时间。

② It takes a lot of time to put this article into the computer. 把这篇文章录入电脑要花很多时间。 2)“某活动+take(+人)+时间”。例如: ①The journey took us at least five days. 那次旅行花了我们至少5天时间。

②Doing such a work must take much time. 做这项工作一定要花很多时间。

③The wound took a long time to heal. 这伤口过了很久才痊愈。

重点词语用法

1.sound----词的用法

1)sound作名词,意为“声音”,有可数和不可数两种用法。如: ①Strange sounds came from the next room.(作可数名词) 奇怪的声音来自隔壁房间。

②Sound travels at 340 metres per second on air.(作不可数名词)。 声音以每秒340米的速度在空气中传播。

【注意】sound,voice和 noise三个词都表示声音,但用法不同,其区别如下:

①sound指任何能听到的声音。如: the sound of voices说话声 the sound of music音乐声

the sound of breaking glass 打碎玻璃的声音 ②voice指人的说话声或唱歌声。如: She has sweet voice. 她的声音甜美。

③noise通常指较大的使人不快的声音。如:

Stop making so much noise!不要弄出这么大的声响!

2)sound作连系动词,意为“听起来”,“听上去(给人以某种印象)”,常接形容词作表语,不接副词。还可接名词,介词短语或从句。如: ①Your cough sounds better. 你的咳嗽听起来好些了。 ②That sounds like a good idea!那听起来是个好主意。

③It sounds as if(as though) the government doesn\\'t know what to do.

听起来好像政府不知道该怎么办。

3)sound作及物动词,意为“发出声音”、“发(音)”;作不及物动词,意为“发声”、“响”。如:

①The bell sounded for dinner at eight o\\'clock.晚餐铃声八点钟响。 ②A bell is sounded at eight o\\'clock.八点钟时敲响铃子。 ③Sound your horn to warn the other driver.按喇叭警告另一位驾驶员。 4)sound作形容词,表示“健康的”、“完好的”、“正确的”、“彻底的”等含义。 如:

children of sound mind and body 身心健康的孩子们。 a sound sleep 酣睡

另外sound可作副词,用于习语,如: be sound asleep(酣睡着) 2.比较like和as

1)like为介词,意为“如,像”,偶尔作连词用,代替as. 如: ①She sings like a bird.她唱起歌来像小鸟一样。 ②Do you have to feed plants like you feed chickens? 你是否必须给植物喂东西吃,就像喂小鸡那样呢? 2)as常作介词,意为“充当”、“作为”。如:

①As your teacher,I think it my duty to help you.作为老师,我认为

帮助你是我的责任。

3)like常用的短语有: sound/feel/seem/look/be like;like this,like that等。

as常用的短语有:have/think of/look on/treat/regard/consider/work,etc…as等。 4)试比较下面两句:

①He works like a worker. (He really is not a worker. ) 他像工人一样干活。

②He works as a work.(He himself is a worker.) 他作为一名工人而工作。 3.感官动词+复合宾语

感官动词see,hear,watch,feel,notice,observe及使役动词

let,make,have 后接复合宾语时,其中的宾语补足语通常有三种形式: 1)用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语,表示宾语所代表的人或物所发出的动作。如:

①Then I watched all the glass that were on the table fall off onto the floor.

接着我看到桌上玻璃杯都摔落到地上。

②Did you notice a girl in red enter the building? 你看见一个穿红衣服的女孩进入这座大楼了吗?

③She lets her children stay up very late. 她让孩子很晚睡觉。 【注意】这些动词中,除了let和have一般不用于被动语态,其他动词均可用于被动语态。用于被动语态时,不定式前必须带to。如: ①She is often heard to sing songs.人们经常听到她唱歌。

②Though he often made his little sister cry,today he was made to cry by his lit tle sister. 虽然他时常惹他妹妹哭,但今天却被他妹妹弄哭了。

上例中,though 引导的从句是主动结构,动词原形cry在句中作宾语补足

语,后而的主句是被动结构,to cry在句中作宾语补足语。 2)用现在分词作宾语补足语,表示宾语正在进行的动作。如:\\\\ ①Why do you stand and watch them fighting?你为什么站着看他们打架? ②She felt her heart beating faster.她觉得心跳加快了。

【注意】动词不定式作宾补和现在分词作宾补都表示主动关系,即宾语 与补足语间构成逻辑上的主谓关系,但两者含义不同。

用不定式指一个动作或一件事的全过程,有时指经常发生的动作; 而现在分词则指一个正在进行的动作,是部分,而不是全过程。试比较: ①When did you last saw the boy playing in the garden? 你最后一次看到那男孩在花园里玩是什么时间?

②They knew her very well.They had seen her grow up from childhood. 他们对她非常熟悉,他们是看着她从小长大的。

3)过去分词作宾语补足语,表示被动关系,即宾语与补足语构成逻辑上的动宾关系,同时表示动作已完成。如:

①He raised his voice to make himself heard. 他提高声音,使别人能听见他的话。

②There was a person who saw the man killed. 有一个人目击了那个男子被杀。

4.it,one,ones,that,those替代名词的用法。

it,one,ones,that,those这儿个替代词可以用来替代句中或上文中已提到的名词,以避免重复。但我们应注意它们所使用的场合。

1)it用于指代前面提到过的名词,而且就是那个名词,即同类同物。it可以替代单数可数名词和不可数名词。如: ①Do you want the magazine? Yes,I want it. 你想要这本杂志吗?是的,我要。

②He looked for his watch everywhere yesterday,but he couldn\\'t find it anywhere.昨天他到处寻找自己的手表,但他在哪儿都找不到。 ③I don\\'t want to drink the tea.It is too hot.我不想喝这茶,它太

热了。

2)one通常用来代替上文中出现过的可数名词或以可数名词为中心词组的整个名词,指同类异物。one的复数形式为ones。one和ones既可指人,也可指物,意思是指与有关名词同类型的另一个(或另一些)。通常用one代替单数可数名词,用ones代替复数可数名词。如:

①I have lost my pen,I\\'m going to buy one.我的钢笔丢了,我要去买一支。

②I have a new coat and several old ones.我有一件新大衣和几件旧的。 one前可用this,that修饰,但ones前不能用these或those修饰,除非one前有形容词修饰。如:③I prefer this one to that one.我喜欢这个,而不喜欢那个。

④These yellow ones are so small.I want those green ones. 这些黄的太小,我要那些绿的。 one和ones前面不能用物主代词。如:

⑤This is my apple and that\\'s yours.(不说your one) 这是我的苹果,那是你的。

one和ones前面有修饰词时,可以加冠词,有时the ones和those可 互换使用,但要求后面有修饰语。如:

⑥I don\\'t like this pen.Show me a better one. 我不喜欢这支钢笔,再给我好一点的钢笔看一看。

3)that作为代词用来代替上文中出现的名词,它表示与前面同类的东西。 that既可代替可数名词,又可代替不可数名词,常要求有后置定语,一般不指人。如:

①The price of wheat is higher than that of rice.小麦的价格比大米高。

②The population of China is larger than that of Japan.中国的人口比日本多。

that one用来替代同类事物中特指的另一个,可与 that替换。如:

③This story is not so interesting as the one/that we heard last night. 这个故事不如我们昨晚听到的那一个有趣。

另外, that可代替上文全句的内容,it和one则不能。如: ④He will ask me to lend him some money and I can\\'t do that. 他要问我借点钱,可我不能借。

⑤We see him when he comes to town,but that isn\\'t often. 他进城时我们能见到他,但这种情况不常有。

4)those可用来替代可数名词的复数,表示特指。有时the ones和those可互换使用,常要求有后置定语。如:

① The students in our class work harder than those in their class. 我们班的同学比他们班的同学学习更刻苦。 5.fall和drop的用法区别

1)drop可作及物动词,而fall不能。表示无意或故意“掉下来”某一物体,或故意“跌倒”时,用drop,不用fall。例如: ①The Class 2 runner dropped his stick on ground. 二班的运动员不小心把接力棒掉在了地上。

②He dropped his shoes on the floor.他把鞋子扔在地上。

③She was tired and dropped herself into the chair.她非常累,重重地往椅子上一坐。(不说…fell into the chair.)

2)drop和fall都可作不及物动词,表示“掉下”;“落下”。

①The glass dropped(或 fell)out of her hand. 杯子从她手里掉了下来。 ②He dropped(或 fell)to the ground. 他摔倒在地上。 6.over与below的基本用法

1)over用作介词,意为“在……上方;跨越……上方,超过,多于”。例如:

①I saw an arched stone bridge over the river.我看到河上有一座石拱桥。

②The bridge over the river is closed for repairs.

初中英语常用词语辨析大全

他们立刻就能完成他们的家庭作业。【注意】在这种结构中,不能用表示时间的副词来修饰,若说成:Iamabouttoleavenextweek.则是错误的,应去掉修饰词nextweek。6.takeoff是常用的短语动词,意为“下车;脱掉(衣服等);起飞”。例如:①Wearegoingtotakeoffatthenextsto
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