摘要
莲子为药、食两用品种,近年来在医药、保健、食品等方面用量大增。在以莲子为原料加工干果制品时脱壳作业是一项十分重要的前处理工序。我国现在莲子的脱壳都是采用手工操作。劳动强度大。近年来,随着经济的发展和人们生活水平的提高,和对食品质量要求变高,以往的手工操作远不能满足现代水果加工的需求,研制一种新的脱壳机构是莲子加工业的前景所趋。
莲子脱壳机的一般工作过程为:莲子的喂入、定位、切削与脱壳、成品与下脚料的分别收集。由于莲子的外形并非规则形状. 因此在机械加工时,采用莲子的外形进行定位、夹持,不能保证莲子核的中心线刀具的中心线重合,定位会出现偏差,增加了莲子的破碎率和脱壳的不净率。通过对部分莲子品种的物理结构研究,设计导向机构定位方式,保证莲子喂入时的定位精度。
针对当前莲子脱壳机存在的问题,综合各类水果脱壳机优点,设计出了经济型的莲子脱壳机,主要包括:送料机构、输送机构、弹性支撑机构、刀具移动机构,各机构动作协调,脱壳率高,对实现我国脱壳自动化有深远的意义。
关键词:莲子、弹性支撑、自动化、脱壳机
ABSTRACT
In recent years Lotus seed, in medicine, health care,as food consumption soar for medicine, food and varieties. In hawthorn as raw material processing beverages, canned and preserved fruit and dried fruit products to nuclear work is a very important pretreatment process. Our country now the hawthorn to nuclear were made by manual operation. General per person a day (8 h meter) processing hawthorn 50 ~ 60 kg, labor intensity. In recent years, with the development of economy and the improvement of people's living standard and food quality asks to be high, in the past, the manual operation far cannot satisfy the demand of modern fruit processing, research and develop a new to nuclear agency is the prospect of hawthorn processing industry tend.
Lotus seed sheller generally work process is: the lotus seed feeding, positioning, cutting and shelled, finished goods and scraps from the collected separately. Due to the shape of lotus seed is not rules shape. So the mechanical processing, positioning, clamping with the shape of a lotus seed, and cannot guarantee the center line of the lotus seed core cutter centerline overlap, positioning will appear deviation, increase the rate of the lotus seed broken shell and no net rate. Through the study on the part of the physical structure of lotus seed varieties, design guides positioning way, ensure the position precision when the lotus seed feeding.
In view of the current problems of lotus seed sheller, and the comprehensive advantages of all kinds of fruit sheller, lotus seed sheller design out of the budget, mainly includes: conveying mechanism, transmission mechanism and elastic support, tooling mobile mechanism, the agencies coordination, shelling rate is high, for our country to shell automation has a profound significance now.
Keywords: Lotus seed, elastic support, automation, sheller
目录
摘要 ................................................................................................................................................................ 2 ABSTRACT.................................................................................................................................................... 3 第一章 概述 .............................................................................................................................................. 5 1.1前言 .................................................................................................................................................... 5 1.2 国内莲子脱壳机的发展现状 ............................................................................................................ 5 1.3课题的研究内容................................................................................................................................. 7 1.4课题的研究意义................................................................................................................................. 7 第二章 莲子脱壳机方案设计 ..................................................................................................................... 8 2.1莲子脱壳机方案对比 ......................................................................................................................... 8 2.2莲子脱壳机方案确定 ....................................................................................................................... 10 2.3莲子定位解决方案 ........................................................................................................................... 10 2.4本章小结 ...........................................................................................................................................11 第三章 莲子脱壳机设计计算 ................................................................................................................... 12 3.1链轮链条的设计计算 ....................................................................................................................... 12 3.2 键的选择 ......................................................................................................................................... 18 3.3速比分配 .......................................................................................................................................... 19 3.4电机选型计算................................................................................................................................... 20 3.5同步带选型计算............................................................................................................................... 21 3.6导轨选型计算................................................................................................................................... 23 3.7本章小结 .......................................................................................................................................... 24
第一章 概述
1.1前言
莲子作为一种口感好、营养高、绿色保健的食品,颇受大众的喜爱。随着人们生活水平的提高,相关产业的不断扩大与延伸,以及鲜莲子保鲜技术的不断完善,对鲜莲子的需求越来越大。但是现在莲子加工在中国还处在手工阶段,这种方式是低效的,人工成本高且不健康,,这些不能满足企业大规模生产的需求。为此,作者结合莲子加工企业特点以及加工方式,莲子是常规的几何形状颗粒相对统一的水果。通过对莲子产地湖北的新鲜莲子测定发现,莲子的直径一般在12 ~ 20毫米,壳壁厚度0.5 ~ 1.0毫米,16毫米的直径最大数量的莲子,外壳厚度在0.9毫米左右。相关数据显示莲壳是只有约三分之一的外表面有点坚硬,其余的比较脆弱,只要对1/3 ~ 1/2的坚硬削减,一部分脆弱的部分稍微挤压自然打开。为了测试切削性能的新鲜莲子壳,纸刀片设置在板内,叶片略高于0.5 ~ 0.7毫米(根据莲子直径大小调整),结果表明,可以实现莲子的自动切削。
1.2 国内莲子脱壳机的发展现状
莲子是我国特有的药果兼用树种。莲子品种繁多,鲜食和加工果均在市场上销售看好。莲子为药、食两用品种,近年来在医药、保健、食品等方面用量大增。在以莲子为原料加工果干制品时脱壳作业是一项十分重要的前处理工序。我国现在莲子的脱壳都是采用手工操作。一般每人每天(以8 h计)加工莲子50~60kg,劳动强度大。近年来,随着经济的发展和人们生活水平的提高,和对食品质量要求变高,研制一种新的脱壳机构是莲子加工业的前景所趋。中国从20世纪80 年代后期着手对脱壳机进行研制,并陆续推出一些产品。但真正在生产中推广应用的并不多。在众多的果品加工厂中,脱壳作业至今基本上仍靠手工或十分简陋的工具完成。
莲子是盛产于两湖、两广和江浙地区的特色农产品。壳莲经由剥壳、脱皮、穿心和(或)开边等一系列加工后,成为直接进入市场的成品莲米,莲米营养价值高且适口性好[1],具有广阔的国内外市场。但是,在莲子加工中,壳莲的机械脱壳一直未能有效解决。莲壳主要由纤维素和半纤维素组成,莲壳坚硬,壳仁之间间隙小,而主要由淀粉构成的莲仁又为脆性,因此干壳莲子的破壳取仁难度很大[2,3]。现有莲子剥壳仍以人工为主,所研发的几类莲子剥壳机在实现壳莲机械剥壳方面进行了有益的探索[4-6]。因为受限于壳莲的几何和物理机械特性,当前在剥壳工艺上要解决剥壳率低、破碎率高等问题,在设备性能上要解决可靠性低、作业稳定性差等问题,通过创新设计,形成成熟定型的剥壳机产品,以满足莲子剥壳的实用性要求。
莲子是广东、江苏和浙江地区特色农产品。通过剥壳、脱皮、穿心和一系列的处理,直接成为进入市场的莲米,莲子高营养价值和适口性,在国内外有着广泛的市场。但莲子加工、机械脱壳一直未能有效解决。外壳主要由纤维素和半纤维素在莲花,莲花坚硬