Unit 1 Language Structures
Main Teaching Points: The Passive Sentence 1. involving the moral auxiliary have to
e.g. The pupils should be told that their homework has to be checked before they hand it in.
2. converted from the active sentence with a direct and indirect object e.g. She isn’t paid anything for overtime. 3. involving the verb phrase/ phrasal verb
e.g. I don’t think anybody should be made fun of because of his physical handicap.
4. from by the They say/It is said …patterns
e.g. They say/ It is said that three parks will be expanded.
Language Points:
1. scratch: (at sth.) to rub your skin with your nails, usually because it is itching;挠，搔（痒处）; to make or remove a mark刮出（或刮去）痕迹；（sb./sth.）(from sth.)to decide that sth. cannot happen or sb./sth. cannot take part in sth., before it starts.取消，撤销，退出 e.g. 1) The dog scratched itself behind the ear. 2)I’d scratched my leg and it was bleeding. 3)Be careful not to scratch the furniture. 4)His pen scratched away on the paper.
5)to scratch a rocket launch取消火箭发射计划 6)She has scratched because of a knee injury.
2. turn sb./sth. down: to reject or refuse to consider an offer, a proposal, etc. or the person who makes it.拒绝，顶回（提议、建议或提议人）；to reduce the noise, heat, etc. produced by a piece of equipment by moving its controls 把…调低；关小
e.g.1)He has been turned down for ten jobs so far. 2)He asked her to marry him but she turned him down. 3)Please turn the volume down.音量调低。
3. look down on sb./sth.: to think that you are better than sb./ sth.蔑视，轻视，瞧不起 e.g. She looks down on people who haven’t been to college.
look sb. up and down: to look at sb. in a careful or critical way上下仔细打量，挑剔地审视某人
(not) look yourself :to not have your normal healthy appearance气色不像往常那样好
e.g. You’re not looking yourself today.=You look tired or ill/sick.
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Dialogue The Olympic Games
A. Listening to the recording B. Questions on the dialogue
1. Where did the ancient Olympic Games originate? 2. Who participated in the ancient Olympic Games?
3. What is one of the most popular myths about the origin of the Olympic Games?
4. When were the Olympic Games abolished?
5. Was Pierre’s attempt of reviving the Games warmly welcomed by the people? C． Language Points
1. originate v. begin to happen or exist开始，发源；be the creator of 创始
originate in/ from/with…起源于…；产生于…
e.g. 1) Olympic Games originated from the ancient Greeks. 2) The quarrel originated in a misunderstanding. 3) It’s said that the theory of evolution was not originated by Darwin.
2. shroud v. wrap with a shroud以尸布包裹；cover or hide sth. 覆盖；遮蔽 n. a cloth used for wrapping a dead body尸布；寿衣；sth. that covers or hides 覆盖物，遮盖物
e.g. 1) The origin of the universe is still shrouded in mystery.
2) Traditionally Arabian women have to shroud themselves in a veil when they are outside.
3) The mountain was wrapped in a shroud of cloud. a shroud of fog/ mist 一片浓雾 be shrouded in darkness 笼罩在黑暗之中 3. progenitor n. (formal) 人或动植物的祖先，祖代；创始人，先驱
e.g. 1) He was the progenitor of a family of distinguished actors.他是一个著名演艺世家的先辈。 2）the progenitors of modern art 4.zenith n. 天顶；the highest point (of power, prosperity, etc.); the time when sth. is most successful(权力、繁荣等的)顶点；巅峰
e.g. 1) The sun is well past zenith after twelve o’clock.
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2）The Roman Empire at its zenith conquered almost the whole Europe. 3) He reached the absolute zenith of his career in his forties.
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5.decline v. to become smaller, fewer, weaker, etc.减少，下降，衰退，衰弱; (formal) to refuse politely to accept or to do sth.谢绝，婉言拒绝
e.g. 1) Support for the party continues to decline. 2) His health was declining rapidly.
3) I offered to give them a lift but they declined. 4）to decline an offer/invitation
5) a rapid/ sharp/ gradual decline迅速/急剧/逐渐下降 6. abolish v. put an end to; end the existence of (a custom, an institution, etc.)废除
e.g. 1) The ancient Olympic were abolished after the Roman Empire came to dominate ancient Greece.
2) The death penalty has been abolished in many countries.
7. revive v. come or bring back to health or consciousness（使）复活，苏醒；复兴
e.g. 1) The ancient Olympic Games revived during the 19th century. 2) The brandy soon revived the fainted woman.
3) Our falling hopes revived at the appearance of the reinforcements. 援军的出现燃起了我们原本破灭的希望。
8. scale n. relative size, extent, etc. 规模；(pl.) balance or instrument for weighing 天平；磅秤 v. on a large scale大规模地 to scale 按比例
social scale 社会等级 a pair of scales 一台天平秤
scale sth, down/up 缩减（增加）某物 e.g. 1) The nuclear leak caused pollution on a massive scale.
2) With the market demand subciding, we decided to scale down the car production.随着市场需求的减少，我们决定缩小汽车的生产规模。 3) Who is the first one to scale the Mount Chomolungma?
9. enthusiasm n. strong feeling or admiration or interest ; great eagerness 热情，热心
enthusiasm for/ about sth. 对…的热情
an outburst of enthusiasm 一阵狂热 e.g. 1) My initial enthusiasm for jogging is wearing off.
2)Human being’s enthusiasm for space exploitation has never been blunted by any failures.
3) Music is one of his great enthusiasm.
D. Outline for Retelling
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A is supposed to write an essay on the Olympic Games, and B, an Olympic expert, is helping A with it. They
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unit-1新编英语教程第三版-第二册
