2011年硕士研究生入学考试考研英语真题
Section I Use of English
Directions ： Read the following text. Choose the best word （ s） for each numbered blank and mark [A] ， [B]， [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. （10 points ）
Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as “abodily exercise precious to health.
” But __1___some claims to the c，ontlaraurgyhing probably has
little influence on physical fitness Laughter does __2___short-term changes in the function of the heart and its blood vessel，s ___3_ heart rate and oxygen consumption But becausehard laughter is difficult to __4__， a good laugh is unlikely to have __5___ benefits the way， say， walking or jogging does.
__6__， instead of straining muscles to build them， as exercise doe，s laughter apparently accomplishes the __7__， studies dating back to the 1930
‘ s indicate that
laughter__8___ muscles， decreasing muscle tone for up to 45 minutes after the laugh dies down.
Such bodily reaction might conceivably help _9__the effects of psychological stress. Anyway， the act of laughing probably does produce other types of ___10___ feedback， that improve an individual ‘emsotional state. __11 ___________________________ one classical
theory of emotion， our feelings are partially rooted __ 12___ physical reactions. It
was argued at the end of the 19th century that humans do not cry ___13___they are sad but they become sad when the tears begin to flow.
Although sadness also 14___ tears， evidence suggests that emotions can flow __15___ muscular responses. In an experiment published in 1988， social
psychologist Fritz Strack of the University of w rzburg in Germany asked volunteers to __16 a pen either with their teeth-thereby creating an artificial smile -or with their lips，which would produce a
（ n） __ 1 7___ expression. Those forced to exercise
their enthusiastically to funny catoons than did those whose months were contracted in a frown ， ______________ 19___ that expressions may influence emotions rather than just the other way around __20__ ， the physical act of laughter could improve mood.
[B] except [C]despite [D]like 1. [A]among
2. [A]reflect [B] demand [C]indicate [D]produce 3. [A]stabilizing [B] boosting [C]impairing [D]determining 4. [A]transmit
[B] sustain [C]evaluate [D]observe
5.[A]measurable [B]manageable [C]affordable [D]renewable
[B] In fact [C]In addition [D]In brief 6. [A]In turn
7. [A]opposite [B] impossible [C]average [D]expected 8. [A]hardens
[B] weakens [C]tightens [D]relaxes
9. [A]aggravate
10. [A]physic[B] generate [C]moderate [D]enhance
[B] mental [C]subconscious [D]internal al
11.[A]Except for [B]According to [C]Due to [D]As for
[C] precedes [D]suppresses
15. [A]into [B]from [C]towards [D]beyond
16. [A]fetch [B]bite [C]pick [D]hold
17. [A]disappointed [B]excited [C]joyful [D]indifferent 18. [A]adapted [B]catered [C]turned [D]reacted
19. [A]suggesting [B]requiring [C]mentioning [D]supposing
20. [A]Eventually [B]Consequently [C]Similarly [D]Conversely Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A Directions ： Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A] ， [B]， [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points) Text 1
The decision of the New York Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director has been the talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in 2009. For the most pa，rt the response has been favorable， to say the least. “ H！ooArat ylast ！ ” wrote Anthony Tommasini， a
sober-sided classical-music critic.
One of the reasons why the appointment came as such a surpr，isehowever， is that Gilbert is comparatively little known. Even Tommasini， who had advocated Gilbert ‘s appointment in the Ti，mecsalls him “an unpretentious musician with no air of the formidable conductor about him. ” As a description of the next music director of an orchestra that has hitherto been led by musicians like Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez， that seems likely to have struck at least some Times readers as faint praise.
For my part， I have no idea whether Gilbert is a great conductor or even a good one. To be sure， he performs an impressive variety of interesting composition，s but it is not necessaryfor me to go to my CD shelf， or boot up my computer and download still more recorded music from iTunes. Devoted concertgoers who reply that recordings are no substitute for live performance are missing the point. For the time， attention， and money of the art-loving public ， classical instrumentalists must compete not only with opera houses， dance troupes， theater companies， and museums， but also with the recorded performances of the great classical musicians of the 20th century. There recordings are cheap， available everywhere， and very often much higher in artistic quality than today
12. [A]with [B]on [C]in 13. [A]unless [B]until 14. [A]exhausts [B]follows
[D]at
[C] if [D]because
to visit Avery Fisher Hall， or anywhere else， to hear interesting orchestral music. All I have to do is
‘s live perform；ancmeosreover， they can be “ consumaetda”
time and place of the listener c'hososing. The widespread availability of such recordings has thus
brought about a crisis in the institution of the traditional classical concert.
One possible response is for classical performers to program attractive new music that is not yet available on record. Gilbert ‘s own interest in new music has bee
widely noted： Alex Ross， a classical-music critic， has described him as a man who is capable of the nature of that differ？encMe erely expanding the orchestra 'repsertoire will not be enough. If
turning the Philharmonic into “ amarkedly different ， more vibrant organization. ” But what will be
Gilbert and the Philharmonic are to
succeed， they must first change the relationship between America and the new audience it hops to attract.
21. We learn from Para.1 that Gilbert ‘s appointment has
[A] incurred criticism. [B] raised suspicion. [C] received acclaim. [D] aroused curiosity.
22. Tommasini regards Gilbert as an artist who is [A] influential. [B] modest.
[C] respectable. [D] talented.
23. The author believes that the devoted concertgoers [A] ignore the expenses of live performances. [B] reject most kinds of recorded performances. [C] exaggerate the variety of live performances. [D] overestimate the value of live performances.
24. According to the text， which of the following is true of recordings？ [A] They are often inferior to live concerts in quality. [B] They are easily accessible to the general public. [C] They help improve the quality of music. [D] They have only covered masterpieces.
25. Regarding Gilbert ‘s role in revitalizing the Philharm，ontihce author feels [A] doubtful. [B] enthusiastic. [C] confident. [D] puzzled.
Text 2
When Liam McGee departed as president of Bank of America in August ， his explanation was surprisingly straight up. Rather than cloaking his exit in the usual vague excuses， he came right out
‘s oldest orchestra
and said he was leaving “ topursue my goal of running a company. ”Broadcasting his ambition was
“ verymuch my decision，” McGee says. Within two weeks， he was talking for the first time with
the board of Hartford Financial Services Group ， which named him CEO and chairman on
September 29.
McGee says leaving without a position lined up gave him time to reflect on what kind of company he wanted to run. It also sent a clear message to the outside world about his aspirations. And McGee isn ‘t alone. In recent weeks the No.2 executives at Avon and American Express quit with the explanation that they were looking for a CEO post. As
boards scrutinize succession plans in response to shareholder press，ure executives who don'gt et the nod also may wish to move on. A turbulent business environment also has senior managers
2011年考研英语真题—试题
