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I. Fill in the blanks.
圣才电子书 十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台 第8章 语言的使用
1. There has been a maxim in ______ which claims that “You are what you say”. 【答案】quantity
【解析】格莱斯的数量准则指1.使你的话语如(交谈的当前目的)所要求的那样信息充分； 2.
不要使你的话语比要求的信息更充分。即说你该说的。
2. The theory of conversational implicature was proposed by ______. 【答案】Grice
【解析】格赖斯认为一定存在一些管理话语产生和理解的机制。他把这种机制称为合作原则，
在这个大原则下有四条准则，它们分别为数量、质量、关系和方式准则。
3. ______ were sentences that did not state a fact or describe a state, and were not verifiable.
【答案】Performatives
【解析】施为句是用来做事的，既不陈述事实，也不描述情况，且不能验证其真假。
4. In making conversation, the general principle that all participants are expected to observe is called the ______ principle proposed by J. Grice. 【答案】Cooperative
【解析】通常在对话中，所有的参与者都被希望能够遵守由格莱斯提出的合作原则，这样就
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圣才电子书 十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台 不会有会话含义的产生。
5. In the light of the ______ principle, four maxims are specified．They are the maxim of quantity, maxim of ______, maxim of ______ and the maxim of _____. 【答案】cooperative; quality; relation; manner
【解析】考查合作原则及四条次则：数量准则、质量准则、关联准则、方式准则。
6. Promising, undertaking, vowing are the most typical of the ______ 【答案】commissives
【解析】承诺类指说话人使自己对某一未来的行为做出许诺。
7. A perlocutionary act is the act performed by or resulting from saying something; it is the ______ of, or the ______ the utterance. 【答案】consequence, change brought about by 【解析】言外行为指说话的效果。
II. Multiple Choice
1. The speech act theory was developed by ______. A. John Searle B. John Austin C. Levinson D. G. Leech
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www.100xuexi.com 【答案】B
圣才电子书 十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台 【解析】言语行为理论是哲学家约翰·奥斯丁在他《如何以言行事》一文中提出的。它从哲
学意义上对语言交际的本质进行解释，其目的在于回答“用语言干什么”这个问题。
2. ______ is using a sentence to perform a function. A. Perlocutionary act B. An illocutionary act
C. A locutionary act D. Speech act 【答案】D
【解析】约翰·奥斯丁在他《如何以言行事》一文中提出言语行为理论, 此理论对语言交际的
本质进行解释，即指出言语行为是指用一句话来发挥作用去完成某些事情。
3. Speech Act theory was originated with ______. A. Saussure B. Bloomfield C. Austin D. Firth 【答案】C
【解析】言语行为理论是20世纪50年代后期英国哲学家John Austin首先提出的。因此，本题的正确答案为C。
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圣才电子书 十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台 4. “You have left the window wide open.” Which of the following is the illocutionary act performed by the speaker?
A. The speaker intends to ask someone to close the window or make a complaint. B. The hearer closes the window.
C. The speaker intends to express what the words literally mean. D. None of the above. 【答案】A
【解析】言内行为指说话这一行为的本身，使用音位、词汇、句法来表达字面意义的行为；
言外行为指表达说话者交流目的或意图的行为；而言后行为指通过某些话实施的行为，或讲某些话所导致的行为，实际上是话语所产生的后果或者所引起的变化。因此，本题的正确答案为A。
5. According to the conversation maxim of _____ suggested by Grice, one should speak truthfully. A. quantity B. quality C. relevance D. manner 【答案】B
【解析】格莱斯的合作原则有四条准则，它们分别为数量、质量、关系和方式准则。其中质
量准则指设法使你的话语真实。1.不要讲明知是虚假的话；2.不要说没证据的话。
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圣才电子书 十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台 6. Which of the following is NOT one of the four maxims of the Cooperative Principle?
A. the maxim of quantity B. the maxim of quality C. the maxim of manner D. the maxim of strength 【答案】D
【解析】格莱斯的合作原则有四条准则，它们分别为数量、质量、关系和方式准则。
7. Which of the following is the typical case of commissives? A. Believing. B. Ordering. C. Promising. D. Congratulating. 【答案】C
【解析】承诺类是那些言者对未来行为过程做出承诺的言外行为，即在说话的时候，言者将
自己置于某种义务中；允诺（promising），保证（undertaking），发誓（vowing）都是最典型的例子。只有C符合题意。因此，本题的正确答案为C。
8. Which of the following is the specific instance of directives? A. Swearing.
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胡壮麟《语言学教程》配套题库(第4版)【章节题库】第8~12章【圣才出品】
