2021年高考英语高频核心词汇释义比较与分类记忆03
英语不规则变化动词读背记
AAA式 动词原形 cost[k?:st] cut[k?t] hurt[h:t] hit[hIt] let[let] put[pt] read[ri:d] set[set] spread[spred] spit[spIt] shut[??t] AAB式 动词原形 beat[bi:t] ABA式 动词原形 become[bI'k?m] come[k?m] run[r?n] ABB式 (1)在动词原形后加一个辅音字母d,t或ed构成过去式或过去分词。 动词原形 burn[b:n] deal[di:l] dream[dri:m] hear[hI?] hang[h??] learn[l:n] light[laIt] mean[mi:n] prove[pru:v]
过去式 cost[k?:st] cut[k?t] hurt[h:t] hit[hIt] let[let] put[pt] read[red] set[set] spread[spred] spit/spat[spIt] shut[??t] 过去分词 cost[k?:st] cut[k?t] hurt[h:t] hit[hIt] let[let] put[pt] read[red] set[set] spread[spred] spit/spat[spIt] shut[??t] 汉语 花费 割,切 受伤 打,撞 让 放下 读 安排,安置 展开,传播,涂 吐痰 关上,闭起,停止营业 过去式 beat[bi:t] 过去分词 beaten['bi:tn] 汉语 打败 过去式 became[bI'keIm] came[keIm] ran[r?n] 过去分词 become[bI'k?m] come[k?m] run[r?n] 汉语 变 来 跑 过去式 burnt[b:nt]/burned[b:nd] dealt[delt] dreamed/dreamt[dremt] heard[h:d] hanged/hung[h??] learned/learnt[l:nt] lit/lighted[lIt] meant[ment] proved 过去分词 burnt[b:nt]/burned[b:nd] dealt[delt] dreamed/dreamt[dremt] heard[h:d] hanged/hung[h??] learned/learnt[l:nt] lit/lighted[lIt] meant[ment] proved /proven['pru:vn] 汉语 燃烧 解决 做梦 听见 绞死,悬挂 学习 点燃,照亮 意思 证明,证实,试验 shine[?aIn] show[??] smell[smel] speed[spi:d] spell[spel] wake[weIk] shone[?n]/shined showed smelled/smelt[smelt] sped[sped]/speeded spelled/spelt[spelt] woke[w?k] shone[?n]/shined showed/shown[??n] smelled/smelt[smelt] sped[sped]/speeded spelled/spelt[spelt] woken['w?k?n] 使照耀,使发光 展示,给……看 闻,嗅 加速 拼写 醒来,叫醒,激发 汉语 建筑 借给 改建,重建 送 花费 汉语 带来 买 打架 思考,想 汉语 捉,抓 教 汉语 掘(土),挖(洞、沟等) 喂 发现,找到 得到 拥有,握住,支持 引导,带领,领导 遇见 坐 射击 吐痰 插进,刺入,粘住 赢 汉语 感到 (2)把动词原形的最后一个辅音字母“d”改为“t”构成过去式或过去分词。 动词原形 build[bIld] lend[lend] rebuild[,ri:'bIld] send[send] spend[spend] 动词原形 bring[brI?] buy[baI] fight[faIt] think[θI?k] 动词原形 catch[k?t?] teach[ti:t?] 动词原形 dig[dIɡ] feed[fi:d] find[faInd] get[ɡet] hold[h?ld] lead[li:d] meet[mi:t] sit[sIt] shoot[?u:t] spit[spIt] stick[stIk] win[wIn] (6)原形→lt/pt/ft 动词原形 feel[fi:l]
过去式 built[bIlt] lent[lent] rebuilt[,ri:'bIlt] sent[sent] spent[spent] 过去式 brought[br?:t] bought[b?:t] fought[f?:t] thought[θ?:t] 过去式 caught[k?:t] taught[t?:t] 过去式 dug[d?ɡ] fed[fed] found[fand] got[ɡt] held[held] led[led] met[met] sat[s?t] shot[?t] spit/spat[sp?t] stuck[st?k] won[w?n] 过去式 felt[felt] 过去分词 built[bIlt] lent[lent] rebuilt[,ri:'bIlt] sent[sent] spent[spent] 过去分词 brought[br?:t] bought[b?:t] fought[f?:t] thought[θ?:t] 过去分词 caught[k?:t] taught[t?:t] 过去分词 dug[d?ɡ] fed[fed] found[fand] got/gotten['ɡtn] held[held] led[led] met[met] sat[s?t] shot[?t] spit/spat[sp?t] stuck[st?k] won[w?n] 过去分词 felt[felt] (3)原形→ought→ought (4)原形→aught→aught (5)变其中一个元音字母 keep[ki:p] leave[li:v] sleep[sli:p] sweep[swi:p] (7)其他 动词原形 lay[leI] pay[peI] say[seI] stand[st?nd] kept[kept] left[left] slept[slept] swept[swept] 过去式 laid[leId] paid[peId] said[sed] stood[std] kept[kept] left[left] slept[slept] swept[swept] 过去分词 laid[leId] paid[peId] said[sed] stood[std] 保持 离开 睡觉 扫 汉语 下蛋,放置 付 说 站 明白 失去 有 制造 卖 告诉 重讲,重复,复述 understand[,?nd?'st?nd] lose[lu:z] have[h?v] make[meIk] sell[sel] tell[tel] retell[,ri:'tel] understood[,?nd?'std] lost[lst,l?:st] had[h?d,h?d] made[meId] sold[s?ld] told[t?ld] retold[,ri:'t?ld] understood[,?nd?'std] lost[lst,l?:st] had[h?d,h?d] made[meId] sold[s?ld] told[t?ld] retold[,ri:'t?ld] ABC式 (1)原形→过去式→原形+(e)n 动词原形 blow[bl?] drive[draIv] draw[dr?:] eat[i:t] fall[f?:l] give[ɡIv] grow[ɡr?] forgive[f?'ɡIv] know[n?] mistake[mI'steIk] overeat[,?v?r'i:t] prove[pru:v] take[teIk] throw[θr?] ride[raId] see[si:] show[??] write[raIt] 动词原形 break[breIk]
过去式 blew[blu:] drove[dr?v] drew[dru:] ate[et,eIt] fell[fel] gave[ɡeIv] grew[ɡru:] forgave[f?'ɡeIv] knew[nju:,nu:] mistook[mI'stk] overate[,?v?r'eIt] proved took[tk] threw[θru:] rode[r?d] saw[s?:] showed wrote[r?t] 过去式 broke[br?k] 过去分词 blown[bl?n] driven[drIvn] drawn[dr?:n] eaten['i:tn] fallen['f?:l?n] given['ɡIvn] grown[ɡr?n] forgiven[f?'ɡIv] known[n?n] mistaken[mI'steIk?n] overeaten[,?v?r'i:tn] proven['pru:vn]/proved taken['teIk?n] thrown[θr?n] ridden['rIdn] seen[si:n] showed/shown[??n] written['rItn] 过去分词 broken['br?k?n] 汉语 吹 驾驶 画画 吃 落下 给 生长 原谅,饶恕 知道 弄错;误解, (使)吃过量 证明,证实,试验 拿 抛,扔 骑 看见 展示 写 汉语 打破 (2)原形→过去式→过去式+(e)n choose[t?u:z] get[ɡet] hide[haId] forget[f?'ɡet] freeze[fri:z] speak[spi:k] steal[sti:l] chose[t??z] got[ɡt] hid[hId] forgot[f?'ɡt] froze[fr?z] spoke[sp?k] stole[st?l] chosen['t??zn] got/gotten['ɡtn] hidden['hIdn] forgotten[f?'ɡtn] frozen['fr?zn] spoken['sp?k?n] stolen['st?l?n] 选择 得到 隐藏 忘记 冷冻,结冰,感到严寒 说 偷 (3)变单词在重读音节中的元音字母“i”分别为“a”(过去式)和“u”(过去分词)。 [i→a→u] 动词原形 begin[bi'ɡIn] drink[drI?k] sing[sI?] sink[si?k] swim[swIm] ring[rI?] (4)其他 动词原形 be(am,is,are) bear[be?(r)] do[du,du:] fly[flaI] go[ɡ?] lie[laI] wear[we?(r)] 过去式 was/were bore[b?:(r)] did[dId] flew[flu:]/flied went[went] lay[leI] wore[w?:(r)] 过去分词 been born/borne[b?:n] done[d?n] flown[fl?n]/flied gone[ɡn]/been lain[leIn] worn[w?:n] 汉语 是 负担,忍受 做 飞 去 躺 穿 过去式 began[bI'ɡ?n] drank[dr??k] sang[s??] sank[s??k]/sunk swam[sw?m] rang[r??] 过去分词 begun[bI'ɡ?n] drunk[dr??k] sung[s??] sunk[s??k] swum[sw?m] rung[r??] 汉语 开始 喝 唱 下沉,沉没 游泳 打电话