2012年5月成人英语三级考试真题、答案、解析

北京地区本科学士学位英语统一考试

2012年5月12日

6. According to the passage, poor sleep can be linked to all of the following EXCEPT

A. heart disease B. car accidents

C. skin problems D. poor concentration

6． C.问题问“依据短文， 睡眠不好可能与下列的选项相关联， 除了哪个选项以外？”

. As the school year kicks off, parents are once again straggling to cajole (哄编)and, if need be, drag their exhausted teens out of bed. That image may make you laugh, but lack of sleep is no joke. (77) Teenagers who don’t get enough rest have more learning. health~ behavior and mood problems than students who get at least nine hours a night.Long-term lack of sleep is tied to heart disease,（与选项A呼应）overweight, depression and a shortened life span in adults, indicating the importance of establishing good sleep habits early in life. Lack of sleep can be especially deadly for teens; car accidents are the leading cause of death among teenagers, and safety experts believe sleepy driving is a major factor.（与选项B呼应）

Unfortunately, few teenagers get the sleep they need. In a survey of middle- and high-school students, University of Colorado researchers found that 82 percent said they woke up tired and unrefreshed, and more than half had trouble concentrating during the day at least once a week.（与选项D呼应） 只有C没有在文章中提到。

7. The main idea of Paragraph 3 is

A. how sleep deprivation (缺乏) can be treated B’ what causes sleep deprivation

C. who is most at risk for sleep deprivation D. why sleep deprivation is a serious concern 分析： 问题问“第三段的大意是什么？”

Blame multitasking for some of this. Many students are juggling after-school activities, homework and part-time jobs. Even when they manage to fulfill these obligations by a reasonable hour, television, the Internet, video games, phone calls and text messages to friends often keep them awake deep into the night. Taking soda and energy drinks late in the day and going to late-night parties on weekends add to sleep debt. Biology also works against teenagers’ sleep, The body’s internal clock, which controls when a person starts to feel tired, shifts after puberty (青春期), making it hard for most teens to fall asleep before 11 pm. Class usually begins before 8:15 am, with many high schools starting as early as 7:15 am. To get to school on time, most teens have to get up by 6:30 am, guaranteeing they’ll be sleep-deprived during the week. Teens often sleep much later on weekends to catch up, making it even harder to fall asleep on Sunday night and wake up Monday morning. Playing catch-up

on weekends also doesn’t help teens stay refreshed when they need it most: during the week at school.

这段文字主要讲述了造成青少年睡眠不足的原因：除了学习以外，还有很多的事情要做；很晚了还喝苏打水和功能饮料，参加周末开到深夜的聚会，每天开始上课的时间太早等。因此答案为B.

8. What does the word “juggling” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A. Dealing with at the same time. B. Striking a balance between. C. Applying for. D. Having difficulty in.

8. A。问题问“第三段中的juggling是什么意思？”juggle一词的基本意义是“杂耍”。 前一句提出观点“同时做多件事情是应该对此承担一部分责任”， 然后接下来说“许多学生在课后活动， 家庭作业和兼职工作之间耍杂耍”。依据这两个句子的意义判断“同时应对”是答案。 该题写作逻辑： 概括 +解释

9. Which of the following is NOT to blame for teenagers’ lack of sleep? A. Multitasking. B. Biological clock. : C. Weekend catch-up sleep. D. Healthy diet.

9． 问题问“下面哪个选项不是造成青少年睡眠不足的原因？”

Blame multitasking for some of this.（与选项A呼应）Many students are juggling after-school activities, homework and part-time jobs. Even when they manage to fulfill these obligations by a reasonable hour, television, the Internet, video games, phone calls and text messages to friends often keep them awake deep into the night. Taking soda and energy drinks late in the day and going to late-night parties on weekends add to sleep debt. Biology also works against teenagers’ sleep,（与选项B一致）The body’s internal clock, which controls when a person starts to feel tired, shifts after puberty (青春期), making it hard for most teens to fall asleep before 11 pm. Class usually begins before 8:15 am, with many high schools starting as early as 7:15 am. To get to school on time, most teens have to get up by 6:30 am, guaranteeing they’ll be sleep-deprived during the week. Teens often sleep much later on weekends to catch up, making it even harder to fall asleep on Sunday night and wake up Monday morning.（与选项C呼应）Playing catch-up on weekends also doesn’t help teens stay refreshed when they need it most: during the week at school.

只有D没有在文章中提及。 其实D（健康的饮食）可以直接依据常识判断出来是答案。

10. According to the passage, what have some schools done to help their students get enough sleep?

A. Educating their students about the importance of sleep. B. Monitoring their students’ late-night activities. C. Delaying school start times. D. Setting strict rules.

10． 问题问“依据文章来看， 一些学校做了什么来帮助学生获得充足的睡眠？” （第10题相关句）Since the 1990s, middle and high schools in more than two dozen states have experimented with later school start times. (78) The results have been encouraging.’ more sleep, increased attendance, better grades and fewer driving accidents. But most schools still start early, meaning teens have their work cut out for them if they want to get enough sleep. 相关句说“自从20世纪90年代以来， 美国20多个州的中学和高中已经在尝试推迟学校开课的时间”， 因此C是答案。

Passage 3

11. According to the passage, young people in Britain . A. are used to showing up for work B. value unpaid work very much

C. are always opposed to unpaid work

D. could learn something about job security through unpaid work

分析：D。 问题问“依据文章来看， 英国的年轻人…”文章开头就提到“As any middle-class parent knows, unpaid work experience can give youngsters a valuable introduction to a secure job./正如任何中产阶级的父母所知道的那样， 不带薪的工作经历会引导年青人了解什么是稳定的工作。” 这与选项D（可能会通过不带薪的工作经历而对获得关于稳定工作的认识）一致。

12. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT TRUE?

A. Most voters support the government’s effort to help young people to find work. B. Some people protest against the government’s attempt to force young people to work.

C. There are more than one million young people who took part in the program.

D. There are more than one million young people who are jobless.

分析：问题问“依据文章来看， 下面哪个选项陈述的意义不正确？”

As any middle-class parent knows, unpaid work experience can give youngsters a valuable introduction to a secure job. The government has recognized it too, abandoning rules in 2011 that had formerly stopped 16- to 24-year-o!ds from doing unpaid work while claiming unemployment benefit. But moving from that to forcing them to work without pay in order to collect these benefits has proved a big step.

(79) More than one million young people in Britain are unemployed, the highest number since the mid-1980s.（与选项D意义一致）Keen both to cut the welfare bill and to avoid the depressed future wages that may result from early unemployment, the government has introduced an ambitious program of reform to get youngsters off welfare and into work. A key part of it is ensuring that no one gets benefit from the government for long; ministers are keen to avoid what happened after the early- 1980s recession (~/l/), when unemployment continued in some parts of the country for a long time after the economy began to improve.

To help young people into work, ministers had persuaded lots of employers, including bakery chains, bookshops, and supermarkets, to take on unemployed youths, who receive work experience but no pay, with the prospect of a proper job for those who shine. (80) Some 35,000 youngsters participated last year; half found paid work soon after finishing the scheme. The idea of getting young adults used to showing up for work is popular with voters: according to a survey published in February, about 60% of people support the program.（与选项A意义一致）Equally attractive was the option of compelling them to work: Under the existing arrangements youngsters could choose whether or not to accept a place, but if they dropped out after the end of the first week, they stood to lose up to two weeks’ benefits.

Yet the scheme has also polarized (两极分化的) opinion: a third of people are consistently opposed.（与选项B意义一致）Following a noisy “Right to Work” campaign that accused employers of co-operating secretly with the government in “forced labor”, several firms dropped out of the program. To prevent this from getting worse, Chris Grayling, an employment minister, admitted that young people could leave their work experience at any time without being punished for doing so. This not only halted the flight of employers (for now, at least) but also enabled him to announce that new firms have agreed to take part in the program. 选项C是文章中没有提及的信息， 因此答案为C。

13. According to the author, the British government is trying to . A. punish young people if they are not cooperating with it B. reform the unemployed youngsters C. avoid the economic slowdown

D. reduce welfare spending

分析：问题问“依据作者来看， 英国政府正试图…”

As any middle-class parent knows, unpaid work experience can give youngsters a valuable introduction to a secure job. The government has recognized it too, abandoning rules in 2011 that had formerly stopped 16- to 24-year-o!ds from doing unpaid work while claiming unemployment benefit. But moving from that to forcing them to work without pay in order to collect these benefits has proved a big step.

(79) More than one million young people in Britain are unemployed, the highest number since the mid-1980s. Keen both to cut the welfare bill and to avoid the depressed future wages that may result from early unemployment, the government has introduced an ambitious program of reform to get youngsters off welfare and into work. A key part of it is ensuring that no one gets benefit from the government for long; (与选项D意义一致)ministers are keen to avoid what happened after the early- 1980s recession (~/l/), when unemployment continued in some parts of the country for a long time after the economy began to improve.

第二段中的句子说: the government has introduced an ambitious program of reform to get youngsters off welfare and into work(政府已经引入了一个改革计划,这个计划要使年轻人脱离福利救济, 靠工作养活自己).,由此推出政府这样做的目的也是为了试图减少在社会福利方面的支出.因此答案为D.

14. The word “shine” in Paragraph 3 means “ “. A. do well B. reflect light

C. look happy D. produce light

分析：A.问题问”第三段中shine的词义是什么?

To help young people into work, ministers had persuaded lots of employers, including bakery chains, bookshops, and supermarkets, to take on unemployed youths, who receive work experience but no pay, with the prospect of a proper job for those who shine. (80) Some 35,000 youngsters participated last year; half found paid work soon after finishing the scheme. Shine从其所在的句子来看,应该理解为”工作出色”,因为其所在的句子说: “那些有不带薪的工作经历的年轻人中…的人有希望找到一份合适工作” .

15. Which of the following is an appropriate title for this passage? A. Enjoy Work Without Pay B. Can Work, Won’t Work

C. Should Work, Shouldn’t Play D. Hate Work or Love Work

分析：A.问题问“下面哪个选项是这篇短文最合适的标题？”这篇文章文章主要围绕英国政府采用的”让年轻人不带薪工作”的政策进行了介绍和分析,分析采用这项政策的原因和目的,以及带来的社会反应.选项A贴近文章主题.

Part II Vocabulary and Structure (30%)

Directions: In this part there are 30 incomplete sentences. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.

16. Please give Jim the schedule for tomorrow’s conference when he back. He is to chair the conference.

A. will come B. come C. comes D. came

16.答案为C.时间状语从句需要用一般时态（一般现在时态，一般过去时态）表示将来。

17. five minutes earlier, you would not have missed the last train for Shanghai, but you were late.

A. Had you come B. Do you come

C. Did you come D. Should you come

17． 答案为A.该题考虚拟条件句。 “完成对完成”

18. After he worked out the solution, appeared a smile on his face. A. it B. here C. what D. there 18． 答案为D. there appeared是there be句型的一种变形，其的意义为“似乎有…”

19. the former president’s supporters went out in streets to express their anger and dissatisfaction.

A. A small amount of B. A large number of

C. A little bit of D. A great deal of 19． 答案为B. a large number of修饰可数名词

20. To be honest, today’s dinner was just so-so. It wasn’t such a good one ___promised by the boss.