形容词和副词的用法
一.定义:
形容词:形容词用来修饰名词或代词, 表示人或事物的性质, 状态和特征的程度,好坏与否。
副词:用来修饰形容词、副词、动词,表示程度或者做某件事的方式、方法等。
二、基本用法
考点1:形容词和副词的位置(形修名,副修动)
1)形容词作定语,通常放在所修饰的名词前 There is a beautiful picture on the wall.
2)副词作状语,通常放在所修饰的动词或者形容词前
The farmers are working hard in the field. The nurse looks after the babies carefully.
考点2:形容词变副词
1) 一般情况下直接加―ly,如:
quick---quickly; polite---politely; sad---sadly; immediate---immediately; 2) 少数以e结尾的形容词,要去掉e再加-ly。如: true-truly; due-duly
绝大多数辅音字母加e结尾的形容词直接加-ly。如: polite-politely; wide-widely; wise-wisely; nice-nicely
3) 以―个y结尾的,且读音为 / i /,先将y改成i,再加ly,如:
happy---happily; heavy---heavily; angry---angrily; busy---busily 但是如果读音为 / ai /, 直接加ly,如: dry-dryly; shy---shyly
4) 以ic 结尾的词,加ally,如:
economic---economically; basic---basically; scientific---scientifically; automatic---automatically; energetic---energetically 5) 以辅音字母加le结尾时,去e加y,如:
simple---simply; considerable---considerably; terrible---terribly; gentle---gently; possible---possibly; probable---probably; incredible---incredibly 6) 形副同型:early(早) late(晚) hard(努力) fast(快)
考点3:比较级、最高级的规则变化
1)单音节形容词、副词的比较级和最高级形式是在词尾加er 、est 构成。 如:small→ smaller→ smallest short→ shorter→ shortest
2)以 不发音的-e 结尾的单音节形容词、副词的比较级和最高级是在词尾加 r 、st 构成。
如:large→ larger→ largest nice→ nicer→ nicest
3)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词,把y改为i,比较级加-er,最高级加-est; 如:happy→ happier →happiest heavy→ heavier→ heaviest
4)重读闭音节的形容词、副词的比较级和最高级是双写最后一个辅音字母加er、est。 如:big→ bigger→ biggest hot→ hotter→ hottest
5)大多数双音节和多音节形容词、副词的比较级和最高级是在前面加more 和 most来构成。
如:beautiful → more beautiful→ most beautiful
different→ more different→ most different
例外:cleve→cleverer/more clever→cleverest/most clever
6)以ly结尾的副词,如果ly是后缀的,加more 和 most来构成比较级和最高级。 如果ly不是后缀的,加er 、est 构成比较级和最高级。 如:early→ earlier→earliest ugly→uglier→ugliest
warmly→ more warmly→most warmly happily→more happily→most happily 7)副词的最高级与形容词最高级的区别在于形容词的最高级前一定要有限定词,如:the,物
主代词等。而副词的最高级前可以不用定冠词the。 如:The Changjiang River is the longest river in China. Nancy sing (the) best in her class.
8)比较级、最高级的不规则变化
原级 good ,well bad,badly,ill many,much little far old 比较级 better worse more less farther, further older, elder 最高级 best worst most least farthest(距离), furthest(抽象) oldest(年龄), eldest(辈分)
考点4:形
容词、副词的比较等级的用法
原级的用法
1)as + 原级 + as表示”和......一样“,not so (as) + 原级 + as表示”不如......“ 如:Xiao Wang is as tall as Xiao Yu.
This film is not as interesting as that one.= This film is less interesting than that one.
= That film is more interesting than this one. 2)the same+名词+as表示”和......一样“
如:A is the same size as B. A 的尺码与B一样。
A and B are of the same size. A和B尺码一样。 A is as big as B. A和B尺码一样。 3)very、so、quite、too等词后用原级 如:She is a very hard-working girl.
比较级的用法
1.表示两者间的比较用比较级,表示“更……” 主语+动词+比较级+than+ 比较对象。
例1:This tree is__________ (tall) than that one. 这棵树比那棵树高。 He runs _________(fast) than Tom.他比汤姆跑得快。
① 在含有连词than的比较级中,比较对象必须是同一范畴,即同类事物之间的比较。
It is warmer today than it was yesterday. 今天的天气比昨天暖和。 Judy’s hair is longer than Lily’s. 朱迪的头发比莉莉(的)长。 ①可修饰比较级的词 a bit, a little, a lot, still, much,even,far等 。 very, quite一般只能修饰原级,不能修饰比较级。
例2:This book is far_____________( expensive) than that one.
2.“ 形容词比较级 + and + 形容词比较级”是“变得越来越…”的意思,and连接同一个
形容
词的比较级。
例3:It becomes ________________ (warm)when spring comes. 注:“more and more + 原级形式也表示“越来越……”
例4:Our school is becoming _____________________( beautiful).
3.在含有or的选择疑问句中,如果有两者供选择,前面的形容词要用比较级形式。 例5:Who is _________(tall), Tim or Tom? 谁更高,Tim还是Tom? 4..…数量 + 比较级 than …
eg:My father is three years older than my mother.
例6:She is _____________ than me. 她比我高两厘米。
5.比较级+than any other+名(单)=比较级+than the other+名复=the+最高级 例7:She is the tallest girl in her class.
=She is _________(tall) than any other_________(girl) in her class. =She is _________(tall) than the other_________(girl) in her class.
6.当两者比较,只出现一方,且句中含有of the two时,比较级前要加the,表示特指。
例8:He is_________(tall)of the two boys. 7.The +比较级,the +比较级“越…就越…”
例9:The_________ (much) you eat, the _________(fat ) you will be.
最高级的用法
1.形容词、副词的最高级形式主要用来表示三者或三者以上人或事物的比较,表示“最……”
牛津上海版7A形容词和副词的用法专项讲解及练习(有答案)
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