最新高考英语语法填空：英语基本句型和成分
综述
守恒公式：1=3+5+7+9
英语这1种语言=3大从句+5大简单句型+7种成分+9大词性
五大基本句型
1. S+V+O 主+谓+宾 中国家庭(独生子) ? His mom loves your daddy. ? She ate your puppy.
? One-third of the students in this class are girls. ? The rich should help the poor. ? 你该知道的：
1) 主语：是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首，可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词表示。
2) 谓语：动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后，说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。谓语动词有简单动词（由一个动词或动词短语构成，如ate）和复合动词（由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成，如should help）两类。特别注意：一个简单句有且只有一个谓语动词。
3) 宾语：表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面，可有名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词表示。
2. S+V 主+谓 欧洲家庭（丁克家庭） ? He died.
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? She laughed . ? My leg hurts.
3. S+V+O+O 主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语 非洲家庭（两个孩子）
常见的须带双宾语的动词有give，ask，bring，offer，send，pay，lend，show，tell，buy，get，rob，warn等有传递意义的动词。 ? He lent me ten yuan.
? Some guy sends me roses every day. ? He cooked his wife a delicious meal. 注意：下列动词后接直接宾语须加介词of：
eg. They robbed the old man of his money. 他们抢了老人的钱。 He's warned me of the danger. 他警告我注意危险。
The doctor has cured him of his disease. 医生治好了他的病。
This remind me of my unhappy experience. 这使我想起了我不愉快的经历。 记忆口诀：提醒医生治好强盗后警告他不要再抢钱。
4. S+V+O+C 主+谓+宾+宾补 美国家庭（请个保姆） ? You can leave the door open. ? She found him a very clever boy.
? Last Sunday I saw you out with your sister. ? She found herself in a different world. ? 你该知道的：
1) 宾补：补充说明宾语的意义、状态等，可由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语表示。 2) 如何区分双宾和宾补？
a) 双宾都和谓语有关系，其位置可以借助介词“for”和“to”互换，如：
He lent me ten yuan. → He lent ten yuan to me. （to表方向，译为“朝、向某人”） He cooked his wife a meal. → He cooked a meal for his wife. （译为“为了某人”） b) 宾补只和宾语有关系，且两个成分可以用“is”联成一个逻辑完整的句子，如：
She found him a very clever boy. He is a very clever boy.
5. S+V+P 主+系+表 再婚家庭
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? She is a teacher. ? She feels happy. ? Five plus two is seven. ? We are here. ? He is not at home. ? 你该知道的：
表语：也叫主语补足语，为了说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态，可由名词、形容词、数词、副词、介词短语表示。
即学即练
分析句型
1．Her love died. 2．She loved me. 3．She gave me a kiss. 4．She made me happy. 5．She is lovable.
6．Money can buy you love. 7．Money can buy your love. 8．She’s left. 9．She cheated on me. 10．I find you fat.
11．He bought her a watch.
12．She found him a very clever student. 13．We are learning English. 14．Our job is learning English. 15．I’m just kidding.
16．She will make him a good husband. 17．I have finished my homework. 18．They found their home easily.
19．They have taken good care of the children. 20．The trees turn yellow in the autumn. 21．I heard the glass broken just now.
七大成分
英语句子成分的定义：构成句子的各部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分、次要成分和边缘成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有宾语、定语、状语、补足语，边缘成分是同位语。“知识点二”中已经详细介绍过主语、谓语、宾语、补足语。简单句中没有出现定语、状语和同位语，因为它们都是修饰性成分，作用是修饰简单句中的各种成分，有了它们简单句就不简单了。各成分的具体用法见下图：
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主语 谓语
基本成分
直接宾语
宾语
间接宾语
补语
句子
宾补 主补（表语）
状语（修饰动词）
修饰成分
定语（修饰名词）
同位语（补充名词）
回顾语法专题各个词性的讲解，完成下表
9大词性 名 7大成分 主 谓 宾 定 状 补 同 √ √ √ √ √ 代 √ √ √ √ 数 √ √ √ 谓 √ 动 doing to do done √ √ ● √ √ √ √ ● √ √ ● √ √ 形 ● ● √ √ 副 ● √ √ 介 ● √ √ 连 冠
即学即练
判断下列各句中的定语、状语、补语和表语成分：定语( )，状语[ ]，表语和宾语补足语< >。
1) Some people who are very intelligent and successful in their fields find it difficult to succeed in language learning.
2) When communication is difficult, they can accept information that is inexact or incomplete. 3) You wouldn't believe the stuff people will buy. 4) The variety of things put up for sale is really wonderful.
5) Health insurance that pays for modern medical miracles often costs Americans as much as $2,000 every year.
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6) Yet these three reasons for not discussing insurance provide three excellent reasons why we should learn more about it.
7) With manners, the best rule is the one that works. 对点检测
一、指出划线部分在句中充当的句子成分。 1.He asked me to come to school very early. 2.There are a lot of trees on both sides of the road. 3.He must be at home now.
4.He wanted to buy some more bananas. 5.The boy on the bike is my little son. 6.You must leave at the moment. 7.Eating too much is bad for health. 8.After running, he felt tired. 9.I found it difficult to learn English.
10.In the 1960s, few children had the chance to receive a good education. 二、分析下列句子成分。
1. It is a great pleasure to talk with you 2. All of us considered him honest. 3. My grandfather bought me a pair of sports shoes. 4. He broke a piece of glass.
5. He made it clear that he would leave the city.
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最新高考英语语法填空：英语基本句型和成分及练习
