课后限时作业(四)
限时/40分钟
Ⅰ.单句语法填空(建议用时：7分钟)
1．The story he told the police differed greatly __from__ the one he told his mother. 2．He finally became a rock superstar—his long and hard training paid __off__. 3．My brother undertook __to help__(help) me out when I got into trouble. 4．She always differs __with__ me about when and where to spend the holiday. 5．To my disappointment, the question is hard __to answer__(answer)． 6．My parents are always __in__ favour of me whenever I make a decision. 7．Having been told __exactly__(exact) where he lived, I had no difficulty in finding Peter's address.
8．You mustn't take photos inside the museum; it __is forbidden__(forbid)．
9．Li Hua insisted that he merely did what everybody would have done and strongly objected to __being called__(call) a hero. 解析 句意：李华坚持说他只是做了每个人都会做的事，并坚决反对被称作英雄。object to中的to为介词，其后接动词，应用动名词形式；且Li Hua与call构成逻辑上的动宾关系，故用被动语态。
10．Honey, look at your mistake in spelling this word, or you __could have obtained__(obtain) full marks in this exam.
解析 句意：亲爱的，看看你的单词拼写错误，否则你就可以在这次考试中得满分了。根据or可知，此处应用虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反的情况，could have done表示过去本可以做而实际上没有做……。
Ⅱ.阅读理解(建议用时：14分钟)
A
The Most Scenic Drives in America
Updated and translated into several languages for the first time since 1997, this travel book includes over 200 brand new photographs of the wonderful places along 120 selected routes. The updated volume also provides maps, the latest information on state parks, and lodging(住宿) suggestions.
Cover Price：$47.88 Price：$23.88 You Save: $24 (50%) Our Brother's Keeper
Author Jedwin Smith spent 30 years trying to get out of all memories of his brother, Jeff, who
was killed in Vietnam. But in Our Brother's Keeper he tells what happened when he met several of his brother's old marine friends. Smith gets to know these men—all hurt by the past they share. Together the author and his new friends made a journey to Vietnam, to visit the place where Jeff died. Surprisingly, their Vietnamese guide was the former commander of the Viet Cong platoon carrying out the attack that killed Jeff. A powerful story of brotherhood, bravery and understanding…
Cover Price: $59.40 Price: $10.00
You Save: $49.40 (83%) I Am a Pencil
Children's book author Sam Swope took a job teaching writing to third graders in New York City. His students were immigrants or the children of immigrants from 21 countries, speaking 11 languages, having many different beliefs. But there were a few things they had in common: family troubles, for one, money struggles, and poetry. Every single student, with the help of this creative teacher, made great progress in writing. Swope leaves the reader with the encouraging faith that deep within each of us lives a poet, a genius—a child.
Cover Price：$59.88 Price: $19.95
You Save: $39.93 (67%) What It Takes to Help Me Out
An editor for US News & World Report, David L．Marcus takes us inside a boarding school for troubled teens. The great stresses are put on these teens, which makes them lose their nature. This should cause us a truthful thinking.
Cover Price: $35.86 Price: $15.00
You Save：$20.86 (58%)
语篇导读 本文为应用文，是一则关于四本书的广告，介绍了这四本书的内容、价格及折扣。
1．Who can give you some advice on how to educate immigrant students with troubles? A．Jedwin Smith. C．Jeff.
B．David L. Marcus. D．Sam Swope.
解析 D 细节理解题。根据I Am a Pencil部分中的第一、二句可知，这本书可以为有困难的移民学生提供教育建议且这本书的作者是Sam Swope，故选D项。
2．Which of the following books offers the biggest price cut? A．The Most Scenic Drives in America. B．Our Brother's Keeper. C．I Am a Pencil.
D．What It Takes to Help Me Out.
解析 B 细节理解题。根据各书籍介绍中的You Save可知，Our Brother's Keeper折扣最多，故选B项。
3．Where is the passage probably taken from? A．A textbook. C．A travel journal.
B．A science report. D．An advertisement.
解析 D 文章出处题。本文主要介绍了四本书的内容、价格及折扣，因此很可能出自一则广告，而不是教材、科学报道或旅游期刊，故选D项。
B
Supermarket shelves are filled with plant－based alternatives to cow milk, including soy, nuts, and coconut milk. These products are popular with consumers who cannot drink cows' milk for health reasons, as well as with those concerned about animal welfare and environmental sustainability. While the dairy－free(非乳制的) options work well with cereal or in coffee, they fail miserably when it comes to making milk－based products like cheese or yogurt. However, these shortcomings may soon be a thing of the past, thanks to a new company in California, which has figured out how to create animal－free milk in a laboratory!
Perumal Gandhi and Ryan Pandya founded the company in 2014 after becoming increasingly annoyed with the lack of cows' milk－free alternatives, particularly for cheese. For Gandhi, who stopped consuming animal products five years earlier due to environmental and animal welfare concerns, the motivation to create a better alternative stemmed(起源于) from his love of cheesy pizza. Pandya was spurred(鼓励) into taking action after being forced to eat some “really bad” dairy－free cream cheese on his sandwich.
The two MIT biomedical engineering scientists decided to join forces to create a more realistic alternative to dairy－based products. In their university lab, the pair spent nine months first isolating cow DNA and then inserting it into yeast(酵母). This genetic modification enabled the yeast to produce the necessary milk proteins. The final step of the process involved mixing the proteins with some plant nutrients and fats.
The dairy－free milk not only tastes like the real thing but is also healthier, has a longer shelf life and, the most important of all, is earth－friendly. According to the company's website, when compared to conventional milk production, their process uses 65% less energy, creates 84% less greenhouse gas emissions and requires 91% less land and 98% less water! Best of all, since it contains real milk proteins, the product behaves like the cow－producing version, which means vegetarian consumers will no longer have to deal with soggy(受潮的) cheese on their sandwiches and pizzas.
The company plans to bring their creation to the market later this year and their first product will most likely be cheese since there are already numerous good cows' milk alternatives available to consumers.
语篇导读 本文为说明文。麻省理工学院生物医学工程科学家创立的公司取得了技术突
破，成功研制了非动物乳制品的产品，并计划生产第一代产品。
4．What does the underlined word “those” in Paragraph 1 refer to? A．Alternatives. C．Products.
B．People. D．Reasons.
解析 B 代词指代题。根据第一段第二句可知，这些产品受到那些因为健康原因而不能喝牛奶的消费者和那些关注动物福利和环境可持续性的消费者的欢迎；据此可知，该句中的those指代上文中的消费者，故选B项。
5．Why was Ryan Pandya motivated to make the new product? A．Because of his deep concern for the environment.
B．Because of his worry that farm animals were poorly treated. C．Because of the overconsumption of the dairy－based products. D．Because of the poor taste of dairy－free cheese presently available.
解析 D 细节理解题。根据第二段第三句可知，Pandya在吃了三明治上“非常糟糕”的非乳制奶酪后便开始采取行动。据此可知，Pandya受到了现有的口感差的非乳制奶酪的激发，开始生产这种新产品，故选D项。
6．What can be inferred from Paragraph 4?
A．The dairy－free milk cannot be stored for a long time. B．The new products will taste better than dairy－based ones. C．Cow farming causes considerable environmental damage. D．The dairy－free milk will be more expensive than cows' milk.
解析 C 推理判断题。根据第四段第二句可知，根据该公司网站，与传统的牛奶生产相比，非乳制牛奶的生产过程降低了65%的能源消耗，减少了84%的温室气体排放和91%的土地以及98%的水的使用；据此可以判断，传统的牛奶生产对环境造成了一定的影响，故选C项。
误解分析：根据第四段第一句可知，该牛奶保质期长，故A项与文义相反；B、D项在第四段中没有被提及。
7．Which of the following can be the best title for the passage? A．Healthier Cheese B．New Milk Saves Planet C．Fresher Milk, Better Future D．Making Milk Without Cows
解析 D 标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了加利福尼亚的一家公司成功研
制了非动物乳制品的产品，填补了技术空白，并将于今年晚些时候生产第一代产品；据此可知，D项最适合做本文的标题，故选D项。
Ⅲ.七选五(建议用时：8分钟)
Food. Water. Air. Shelter. All living things have these basic needs.
On Earth, we know where to find them. In space, these items usually have to be carried from Earth. So it would be impossible to carry so many supplies from Earth.
__1__Cleaning and recycling the air is a big concern for NASA scientists as we plan for longer trips in space. In space and on Earth, human beings breathe out carbon dioxide (CO2). So air inside the spacecraft must be “cleaned” to remove extra carbon dioxide in order to make it safe for the astronauts. Some of the extra carbon dioxide is released into outer space. __2__ Back－up systems are in place to ensure that extra carbon dioxide isn't trapped in an astronaut's living space.
Currently, each astronaut aboard the International Space Station uses about 3 gallons of water daily. An astronaut on an extended stay on the ISS could use up to 10.6 tons of water per year. __3__ Currently, all food astronauts need during their mission is carried into space. To avoid carrying such large amounts of food, scientists are working on ways to grow or “create” that food. __4__ They may also help recycle carbon dioxide into oxygen. A human being's basic needs will not change whether he lives on Earth or travels to Mars. __5__ NASA scientists are working to find new ways to supply all that we'll need for long－duration space flights.
A．Plants may be a food source.
B．How do astronauts find water in space? C．Water will have to be recycled in space. D．Recycling is one solution to this problem. E．They must find ways to settle the problem. F．What will change is how we meet these needs.
G．Oxygen may be removed and used from some of the carbon dioxide.
语篇导读 本文为说明文。食物、空气、水、居所是我们生存的必需品，在地球上随处可见，但是宇航员无法带那么多的物品到太空，他们是如何解决这一问题的呢？
1．解析 D 总分关系。上文谈到“宇航员无法带那么多的物品到太空”，根据下文中的cleaning and recycling可知，D项(回收利用就是解决这个问题的一种方法)符合语境，故选D项。
2．解析 G 顺承关系。上文提到二氧化碳，下文也提到二氧化碳，G项(一些二氧化碳中的氧气可以被提取出来使用)和上下文语境一致，故选G项。
3．解析 C 顺承关系。本段谈论的是宇航员使用的水，水也需要回收利用，故选C
人教高中英语选修八同步作业：nit 2 Cloning课后限时作业4 含答案
