p53、CerbB-2在慢性萎缩性胃炎伴异型增生中医证型中的表达及其意义
摘要
目的:观察p53、CerbB-2的表达在慢性萎缩性胃炎伴异型增生的中医各证型中的变化,探讨各证型之间在病理组织学及分子生物学水平上有无差异,探索中医辨证分型的客观指标。方法:选取146例慢性萎缩性胃炎伴异型增生患者进行中医辨证分型;采用Feulgen染色和免疫组织化学S-P法检测患者胃黏膜组织中p53、CerbB-2的表达情况。结果:1.慢性萎缩性胃炎伴轻度异型增生即有癌基因的阳性表达,且轻、中、重度异型增生之间的p53阳性表达无显著性差异(P>0.05),CerbB-2在轻、重度之间存在非常显著性差异(P<0.01)。2. p53、CerbB-2阳性表达率在慢性萎缩性胃炎伴异型增生的中医各证型间呈显著性差异(P<0.05),且阳性表达率均存在胃络瘀血型>胃阴不足型>脾胃虚弱型>脾胃湿热型>肝胃不和型的递进关系。结论:1. 慢性萎缩性胃炎伴异型增生的中医辨证分型有其一定的病理组织学及分子生物学基础。2. 轻、中、重度异型增生均有癌变的可能,且随着异型增生程度的加重癌变的可能性逐渐增大。3.慢性萎缩性胃炎伴异型增生的中医证型在病情严重程度上存在一定的轻重递进关系,具体表现为胃络瘀血型﹥胃阴不足型﹥脾胃虚弱型﹥脾胃湿热型﹥肝胃不和型。4.检测p53、CerbB-2的表达可作为慢性萎缩性胃炎伴异型增生的诊断、分级和中医辨证分型的参考指标,并能协助指导临床诊治。 关键词:慢性萎缩性胃炎;异型增生;中医证型;癌基因 ABSTACT
Purpose: Through observing the variety of the expression of p53 and CerbB-2 in the syndromes of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) of chronic atrophic gastritis with dysplasia, to study the difference of the syndromes of TCM in the pathologic histology and molecule biology level. Exploring objective and quantitative indexes of syndromes of TCM may be as a guidance to TCM in preventing and treating the chronic atrophic gastritis with dysplasia.
Methods: 146 cases with chronic atrophic gastritis with dysplasia were divided into five types according to the Syndrome Differentiation of TCM. Image analysis technique and S-P immunohistochemical method were applied to detected the expression of p53 and CerbB-2 in stomach mucosa. Results:
1. There ever was the positive expression of oncogenes in the chronic atrophic gastritis with mild dysplasia,but no significant difference was found in the expression of p53 among mild,moderate or severe dysplasia(P>0.05). While the expression of CerbB-2 between mild and severe dysplasia had very significant difference(P<0.01).2.The positive expression of p53 and CerbB-2 among all these syndromes of TCM had significant difference (P<0.01), and they both had a significant
stepwise crescendo tendency in the following sequence, Disharmony between the Liver and Stomach, Damp Heat in the Spleen and Stomach, Deficiency of the Spleen and Stomach, Deficiency of Stomach Yin, Blood Stagnation of the Stomach. Conclusions:
1.The syndromes of TCM of chronic atrophic gastritis with dysplasia were on the basis of pathologic histology and molecule biology reliably, and it might play partly a good guidance in treating this disease.2.Mild, moderate and severe dysplasia all had the possibility of carcinogenesis, and the possibilility increased with the increment of the severity of dysplasia in gastric mucosa.3. The worse of the syndromes of TCM of chronic atrophic gastritis with dysplasia increased by degrees, and the regular sequence was Disharmony between the Liver and Stomach, Damp Heat in the Spleen and Stomach, Deficiency of the Spleen and Stomach, Deficiency of Stomach Yin, Blood Stagnation of the Stomach.4. It had been approved that p53and CerbB-2 could be used as some important indexes for diagnosis and classification of chronic atrophic gastritis with dysplasia, and for guidance of diagnosis and treatment. Key Words:
Chronic atrophic gastritis/ Gastric epithelial dysplasia/ Syndrome of TCM/ Oncogenes
胃黏膜癌变是一个复杂漫长的过程,常经历数年的癌前病变阶段。胃黏膜癌前病变(Precancerous Lesions of gastric cancer,PLGC)是指慢性萎缩性胃炎(CAG)伴大肠不完全型肠化(ⅡB型)和/或中、重度不典型增生(DYS)[1]。本研究主要探讨胃黏膜癌前病变中慢性萎缩性胃炎伴异型增生者。尽管目前普遍认为慢性萎缩性胃炎伴中、重度异型增生属胃黏膜癌前病变,但临床发现轻度异型增生亦常有癌基因的阳性表达,所以本研究将轻度异型增生同样纳入研究范围。近年来研究表明,胃癌的发生、发展与癌基因激活、抑癌基因失活、抗凋亡基因过度表达、抑制细胞凋亡、刺激细胞分化和增殖密切有关[2]。特别是p53、CerbB-2的异常表达与胃黏膜癌前期病变的关系引起了高度重视,其中包括他们在慢性萎缩性胃炎伴异型增生中的表达。本研究旨在对p53、CerbB-2在慢性萎缩性胃炎伴异型增生中医各证型中的表达进行分析比较,探讨各证型在病理组织学及分子生物学水平上有无显著性差异,探索中医辨证分型的客观指标,以期更好地协助指导中医药防治胃黏膜癌前病变,阻断病情的进展和恶化。 1.材料与方法 1.1材料
所有入选病例均来自于厦门市中医院2010年1月-2014年1月门诊及住院病人,经电
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子胃镜检查及胃黏膜病理组织活检证实为慢性萎缩性胃炎伴异型增生,并经我院富有经验的消化内科专家根据2002年中国医药科技出版社出版的《中药新药临床研究指导原则》第一版中的中医证候诊断标准进行辨证分型。观察对象共146人,其中男78人,女68人,年龄自24-85岁,平均54.86±14.02岁。病程2~40年,平均8.58±4.27年。中医辨证为肝胃不和型22例,脾胃虚弱型26例,脾胃湿热型32例,胃阴不足型39例,胃络瘀血型27例;属轻度萎缩性胃炎者55例,中度48例,重度43例;异型增生属轻度95例,中度30例,重度21例。上述各证型间性别、年龄经齐同性检验无显著性差异(P>0.05)。 1.2方法
对此146例患者进行常规胃镜检查,并按常规取胃窦、胃体部或病灶处胃黏膜组织进行病理组织活检,新鲜标本用10%中性福尔马林溶液固定,石蜡包埋,4μm厚度切片,HE染色。病理检查依照上述标准证实为慢性萎缩性胃炎伴异型增生者,进一步行免疫组化检查,测定p53、CerbB-2的表达水平。 1.2.1 p53表达的检测
采用S-P免疫组化标记。染色前切片于0.05mol/L柠檬酸液中进行高压抗原修复,DAB显色,苏木紫对比复染。以PBS替代一抗做阴性对照。试剂盒:购自福州迈新公司。以所观察目标细胞核内出现棕黄色颗粒,且着色强度明显高于背景的非特异性着色为阳性。对p53着色强度做以下规定:未见阳性细胞者为(-);染色淡或阳性细胞小于25%为(+);染色适中或阳性细胞占25%~50%者为(++);染色深或阳性细胞大于50%者为(+++)。 1.2.2 CerbB-2表达的测定
采用S-P法,抗CerbB-2抗体为鼠抗人单克隆抗体,试剂盒购于福州迈新公司,DAB显色,苏木素衬染,用PBS液代替第一抗体作阴性对照,用已知的阳性标本切片作阳性对照,并将染色强度分为:阴性(-):无棕色反应;弱阳性(+):部分细胞显示棕色;强阳性(++):绝大部分细胞显示棕色。 1.3 统计方法学处理
应用SPSS17.0统计软件包进行数据处理,计数资料采用?2检验及四格表?2检验进行两样本率的比较;计量资料采用F检验,两两之间比较采用q检验。 2.结果:
2.1 p53、CerbB-2在各级异型增生中的阳性表达
表1. 各级异型增生中p53、CerbB-2的阳性表达率 n(%)(n为例数) 异型增生 n(例数) p53 CerbB-2
轻度 95 38(40.0) 20(21.1) 中度 30 18(60.0) 11 (36.7) 重度 21 13(61.9) 13(61.9) 注:经检验p53在轻、中、重度异型增生之间的阳性表达无显著性差异(P均>0.05),CerbB-2
3