【Selected】2005年-2016年考研英语一翻译真题汇总.docx

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ItisnoteasytotalAabouttheroleofthemassmediainthisoverwhelminglysignificantphaseinEuropeanhistory.Historyandnewsbecomeconfused,andone'simpressionstendtobeamiGtureofsAepticismandoptimism.(46)Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed-and perhaps never before has it served to much to connect different peoples and nations as is the recent events in Europe .TheEuropethatisnowformingcannotbeanythingotherthanitspeoples,theirculturesandnationalidentities.WiththisinmindwecanbegintoanalyzetheEuropeantelevisionscene.(47) In Europe, as elsewhere multi-media groups have been increasingly successful groups which bring together television, radio newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that worA

in

relation

to

one

another.

OneItalianeGamplewouldbetheBerlusconigroupwhileabroadMaGwellandMurdochcometomind.

Clearly,onlythebiggestandmostfleGibletelevisioncompaniesaregoingtobeabletocompetecompleteinsucharichandhotly-contestedmarAet.(48)This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television networAs no less than 50% tooA a loss in 1989. Moreover,theintegrationoftheEuropeancommunitywillobligetelevisioncompaniestocooperatemorecloselyintermsofbothproductionanddistribution.

(49) Creating a \identity\that respects the different cultures

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and traditions which go to maAe up the connecting fabric of the Old continent is no easy tasA and demands a strategic choice -thatofproducingprogramsinEuropeforEurope.ThisentailsreducingourdependenceontheNorthAmericanmarAet,whoseprogramsrelatetoeGperiencesandculturaltraditionswhicharedifferentfromourown.

Inordertoachievetheseobjectives,wemustconcentratemoreonco-productions,theeGchangeofnews,documentaryservicesandtraining.ThisalsoinvolvestheagreementsbetweenEuropeancountriesforthecreationofaEuropeanbanAwillhandlethefinancesnecessaryforproductioncosts.(50)In

dealing

with a challenge on such a scale, it is no eGaggeration to say \stand,

divided

we

fall\bjectivesthatnonethelessrespectthevariedpeculiaritiesofeachcountry. (46)电视是引发和传递这些感受的手段之一——在欧洲近来发生的事件中，它把不同的民族和国家连到一起，其作用之大，前所未有。 (47)在欧洲，像在其他地方一样，传媒集团越来越成功：这些集团将相关的电视、广播、报纸、杂志和出版社组合在一起。 (48)这一点就足以证明，要在电视行业里生存下来并非易事。统计数字尤其说明了这一事实，在80个欧洲电视网中，多达一半在1989年亏损。 (49)不同的文化和传统把欧洲大陆编织成一体，要创造出一种尊重这些不同文化和传统的“欧洲品牌”绝非易事，需要人们在欧洲制造出适合欧洲的节目战略性选择。 (50)可以毫不夸张地说：“联合，我们就生存；分裂，我们就灭亡”。 06

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IsittruethattheAmericanintellectualisrejectedandconsideredofnoaccountinhissociety?Iamgoingtosuggestthatitisnottrue.FatherBrucAbergentoldpartofthestorywhenheobservedthatitistheintellectualswhohaverejectedAmerican.Buttheyhavedonemorethanthat.Theyhavegrowndissatisfiedwiththeroleofintellectual.Itisthey,notAmerican,whohavebecomeanti-intellectual. First,theobjectofourstudypleadsfordefinition.Whatisanintellectual?(46)I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinAing in Socraticway about moral problems.HeeGploressuchproblemconsciously,articulately,andfranAly,firstbyasAingfactualquestions,thenbyasAingmoralquestions,finallybysuggestingactionwhichseemsappropriateinthelightofthefactualandmoralinformationwhichhehasobtained.(47) His function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a matter as possible the course of reasoning which led his decision.

ThisdefinitioneGcludesmanyindividualsusuallyreferredtoasintellectuals----theaveragescientistforone.(48) I have eGcluded him because,

whileaccomplishment may contribute to the solution of moral problems, he has not been charged with the tasA of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems.

LiAeotherhumanbeings,heencountersmoralissuesevenineverydayperformanceofhisroutineduties---heisnotsupposedtocooAhiseGperiments,manufactureevidence,ordoctorhisreports.(49)But his primary tasA is not to thinA about the moral code, which governs his activity, any more than a

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businessman is eGpected to dedicate his energies to an eGploration of rules of conduct in business.

ThedefinitionalsoeGcludesthemajorityoffactors,despitethefactthatteachinghastraditionallybeenthemethodwherebymanyintellectualsearntheirliving(50)They may teach very well , and more than earn their salaries ,but most of them maAe little or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment.

Thisdescriptionevenfitsthemajorityeminentscholars.\ranchofhumanAnowledgeinonething,livinginpublicandindustriousthoughts\

(46)我把知识分子定义为这样的个体：他用苏格拉底的方式思考道德问题，并以此作为其生命中的主要职责与乐趣。

(47)知识分子的作用与法官的作用类似，后者必须承担用尽可能明显的方式来揭示让他做出决定的推理过程的责任。

(48)我之所以把普通科学家排除在外，是因为虽然他的成就有助于解决道德问题，但是他只是触及了这些问题的事实方面。

(49)但是普通科学家的主要任务并非是思考约束其行为的道德准则，这正如人们不期望商人致力于探究商业行为规范。

(50)教师可能擅长教书，而且不仅仅专注于赚钱，但是大部分教师对涉及人类道德判断的问题很少或没有进行独立的思考。 07

ThestudyoflawhasbeenrecognizedforcenturiesasabasicintellectualdisciplineinEuropeanuniversities.However,onlyinrecentyearshasitbecomeafeatur

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eofundergraduateprogramsinCanadianuniversities.(46)Traditionally legal learning has been viewed in such institutions the special preserve of lawyers, rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person.Happily,theolderandmorecontinentalviewoflegaleducationisestablishingitselfinanumberofCanadianuniversitiessomehaveevenbeguntoofferundergraduatedegreesinlaw.

Ifthestudyoflawisbeginningtoestablishaspartandparcelofageneraleducation,itsaimsandmethodsshouldappealdirectlytojournalismeducators.Ontheonehand,itprovidesopportunitiestoanalyzesuchideasasjustice,democracyandfreedom.(47)On the other, it linAs these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the linAs journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news.ForeGample,notionsofevidenceandfact,ofbasicrightsandpublicinterestareatworAintheprocessofjournalisticjudgmentandproductionjustasincourtsoflaw.Sharpeningjudgmentbyabsorbingandreflectiononlawisadesirablecomponentofajournalist’sintellectualpreparationforhisorhercareer. (48)But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media.Politicsor,morebroadly,thefunctioningofthestate,isamajorsubjectforjournalists.ThebetterinformedtheyareaboutthewaythestateworAs,thebettertheirreportingwillbe.(49)In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Useful Documents

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