定语从句
定语从句在主从复合句中起定语作用,修饰主句中的名词或代词,被定语从句修饰的词叫作先行词,定语从句一般放在它所修饰名词或代词之后。
定语从句主要由关系代词who,whom,whose,which,that和关系副词when,where,,why所引导。它们在意义上代表先行词,同时在定语从句中担任某种成分,但没有疑问的意义。 定语从句分限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种。 (一)关系代词的用法
1 who指人,是主格,在定语从句中作主语。Whom指人,是宾格,在定语从句中作宾
语,在非正式文体、口语中常可以省去。Whose指人或事物,是所有格,在定语从句中作定语。 如,
The tall man who is standing over there is my brother.(who is standing over there是关系代词who引导的定语从句,用以修饰who的先行词man,who在从句中作主语)
2, that多用来指物,有时也指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语,指物时的用法与which基
本相同,作宾语常可省略。 如,
Who is the man that is speaking at the meeting?(that is speaking at the meeting是关系代词that引导的定语从句,用以修饰that的先行词man,that在从句中作主语)
注意:先行词是物时,一般情况既可用that也可用which.但下列情况下,只能用that不用which。
1).当先行词为指物的不定代词,如all、everything、something、anything、nothing、none、the one等时,只能用that。
There is nothing that I can do for you .
2).当先行词被the only、the very 、the last、all、no、little等词修饰时,只能用that。 This is the very book that I’m looking for . 3).先行词被序数词修饰时,只能用that 。
This is the first nextbook that I studied in the middle school . 4).先行词为最高级或被最高级修饰时,只能用that。 This is the most beautiful mountain that I have ever seen . 5).先行词既有人也有物时,只能that 。
He told us many interesting things and persons that we had .
3, which指物,在定语从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时常可省略。如,
The assistant showed me the book (which) I wanted to buy.( which I wanted to buy是关系代词which引导的定语从句,用以修饰which的先行词book,which在从句中作宾语,因此可省略)
(一) ,关系副词的用法
1, where: 先行词是表示地点的名词,在定语从句中作地点状语引导。 如, The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down. 2,when: 先行词是表示时间的名词,在定语从句中作时间状语.如, I still remember the day when I first came to the school.
初中英语语法专题讲解--定语从句
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