★ value
同义词worth, excellence, usefulness, importance
变化形 名复values 变化形 动变valued valued valuing （1） n. 价值、效用
eg：We must realize the value of humor . （2） 价格、价钱 market value 市场价格 the value of land 土地的价格 valuable adj. 有价值的
something is valuable ＝ something is of value某事具有价值 something is of great value . 某事具有极大的价值 valueless adj. 无价值的、无效果的 ＝（worthless）
invaluable 极其价值的 ； priceless [?praisl?s] 极其贵重的 numberless 无数的
innumerable [i?nju:m?r?b?l] 多的数不清的、极多的 numerous [?nju:m?r?s] 很多的
二．Key structures： used to 与 would
⑴ used to 和would 都可用来描述在过去某一段时间内的习惯动作或经常做的事，一般来说，我们用used to 来开始一段故事；used to 可用来表示现在与过去的对比，而 would 不能。 eg：I used to go work by bus. Now I go by car.
eg：I have given up smoking. I used to smoke very heavily.
⑵ used to 可用来表示过去的状态和情况； would 只表示过去重复的动作，不能表示状况和情况： eg：This sort of novel used to be very popular .
这类小说曾经是很受欢迎
⑶ would 可用于表是过去很不规则的的习惯，所以常和 often , always , frequently , sometimes 等时间频度副词连用；在非正式文体中 used to 也可以这样用： 短语：
When I was young, I used to have a lot more free time than I do now . I used to live near my work and would always get home early. Sometimes I would do a bit of gardening or go for a walk. Now I never have time of anything like that.
Exercise：
1）He used to smoke a lot , but now he has give up . 2）It is said pirates used to / would hide gold here . 3）The pirates would / used to often bury gold in the cave 4）The river used to be clean . 这条河曾经是干净的
5）’I’ll leave this job for a better one’ . he would say when he was scolded by his boss.
分词用法（现在分词 doing / 过去分词 v. +ed）
1. 分词性质 ：
句有形容词或副词性质 ， 可以在句中担任表语 ，定语 、宾补或状语 。其中 ，现在分词表主动的含义，或动作正在进行；过去分词表示被动含意，或动作已完成.
2.分词的用法：做表语、定语宾补或状语。 1）做定语：
a sleeping baby＝ a baby who is sleeping a running dog＝ a dog which is running a broken glass ＝ a glass which is broken a beaten team ＝ a team which is beaten
＊ beat [bi:t] vt.打；战胜 vi.跳动 n.跳动(声)；节拍
＊ beaten ['bi:tn] adj. 被击败的, 锤成的, 踩出来的, 筋疲力尽的 动词beat的过去分词
eg：This is the problem discussed at the last meeting .
＝ This is the problem which was discussed at the last meeting . eg：The problem being discussed is very important .
＝ the problem which is being discussed is very important . 注意 ：
1. 单个分词作定语，放在所修饰的名词之前。分词短语做定语，放在所修饰的名词之后。 2. 分词作定语的句子能改写为定语从句。 3. 区别现在分词作定语和动名词作定语。
a sleeping car 卧铺车箱； a sleeping baby 正在睡觉的婴儿 a reading room ； a reading girl a swimming pool ； a swimming player 动名词作定语 ： 某种功能 现在分词作定语 ：动作正在进行着 2）做表语
eg：The news sounds exciting. eg：They got very excited.
eg：His father seems pleased with his score. ＊ score 得分 、分数
eg：My watch is gone. 我的表不见了。 eg：The book is interesting. eg：He is interested in the book. do + ing 令人……
do + ed 感到…… 3）做宾语
eg：When I woke up, I found my mother sitting beside me. eg：I’d like to have this package weighed.
＊ weigh [wei] vi.称得重量 vt.称，称…的重量；权衡 eg：I hear a bell ringing somewhere. ＊ ringing 铃声 eg：I had a tooth pulled off.
eg：I found the snake eating the eggs. eg：I found the snake（to）eat the eggs. 用不定式表动作已发生完了。
eg：I found the eggs eaten by the snake . 我发现鸡蛋被蛇吃了。
eg：He heard someone calling him. eg：He heard his name called.
eg：I can’t make myself understood because of my poor English.
eg：I didn’t make myself heard because a lot of people cried in the hall 注意：
1. 后接宾语再接分词作宾补的常用动词 ：
感官动词 ：hear , see , notice , watch , feel , find …….. 使役性动词 ：make , let , have , get …….. 2. 动词不定式做宾补 → 动作全过程 现在分词作宾补 → 动作正在进行 过去分词做宾补 → 被动概念
4）作状语 （现在分词表主动，进行；过去分词表被动 ，完成）
eg：If you turn to the left, you’ll find the station . → Turning to the left, you’ll find the station .
eg：As I didn’t receive her letter, I called her up by telephone . → Not receiving her letter , I called her up by telephone . eg：While I was walking to school, I met a friend . → Walking to school , I met a friend .
eg：When she was asked if she had any bad habit , she answered that she was a heavy smoker . → Asked if she had any bad habit, she answered that she was a heavy smoker . 注意：
1. 分词作状语可以还原为状语从句。 2. 运用此类句型时前后主语要保持一致。
eg：If weather permits, I’ll start tomorrow . → weather permitting, I’ll start tomorrow . 翻译：
发展中国家 → developing countries ； 发达国家 → developed countries （地上的）落叶 → fallen leaves ； （正在飘落的）落叶 → falling leaves （正在沸腾的）开水 → boiling water ；（滚开过的）开水 → boiled water 落水者 → a drowning person ； 溺水者 → a drowned person
三．课文讲解：
★ Dreams of finding lost treasure almost came true recently. 最近, 找到失踪宝藏的梦想差一点儿变成现实. ※ of + v-ing 介词短语作后置定语
a girl of seventeen ； a coat of bright color 颜色鲜艳的外衣 a vase of great value ； a distance of 18 miles
※ come true (预言、期望等)实现，成为事实（不用被动形式）
新概念英语第二册笔记_第55课
