2018高考英语一轮复习第1部分基础知识解读Unit4Astronomythescienceofthestars

Unit 4 Astronomy：the science of the stars

Ⅰ.写作单词——会拼写 1．system 2．theory 3．crash 4．pull 5．float

6．violent →violence →violently 7．like →unlike →dislike 8．harm

→harmful 9．exist →existence 10．puzzle

→puzzled →puzzling 11．gentle →gently

Ⅱ.阅读单词——要识记 12．astronomy n． 13．atmosphere n. 14．fundamental adj.

n． 系统；体系；制度 n. 学说；理论 vi.&vt.

碰撞；坠落 n．&vt. 拉(力)；拖；牵引力 vi.&vt. (使)浮动；(使)漂浮 n. 漂浮物

adj. 猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的 n. 暴力 adv. 猛烈地 prep. 像 prep.

不同；不像 vt.&n. 不喜欢 n. 害处 vt. 对……有害 adj.

有害的 vi.

存在；生存 n. 存在

vt.&vi. (使)迷惑；(使)为难 n. 谜；难题 adj. 迷惑不解的 adj. 令人迷惑的 adj.

温和的；文雅的 adv.

温柔地；温和地

天文学 大气层；气氛 基本的；基础的

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15．chain n. 16．gravity n. 17．satellite n. 链子；连锁；锁链 万有引力；重力 卫星；人造卫星

高频短语——会默写 1．in time

2．be harmful to/do harm to 3．in one's turn 4．prevent...from 5．cheer up 6．now that 7．break out 8．watch out for 9．lay eggs 10．give birth to 11．block out

及时；终于 对……有害 轮到某人；接着 阻止；制止 感到高兴；感到振奋 既然 突发；爆发

密切注意；当心；提防 下蛋 产生；分娩 挡住(光线)

教材原句——会背诵 1.The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not. (whether...or not 是否……) 句式仿写——能应用 1.他们是否能够通过交流达成协议还不清楚。 It's not clear whether they are able to arrive at an agreement through communication or not. 2.这个女孩懂三门外语，这使她更容易找到一份好工作。 The girl knows three foreign languages，which makes it easier for her to find a good job. 2.This produced a chain reaction，which made it possible for life to develop. (make it ＋adj.＋to do sth.) 3.But when I tried to step forward，3.新技术被引进后，这个工厂2016年生产的I found I was carried twice as far as 机器的数量是去年的两倍。 on the earth and fell over. (“倍数＋as＋形容词/副词原级＋as”倍数表达法)

After the new technique was introduced，the factory produced twice as many machines in 2016 as last year. 2

精讲 4个考纲单词

harmful adj.有害的

[高考佳句] Many wastes produced in the producing process are harmful as well.(2015年江苏高考·阅读理解B)

生产过程中产生的许多废料也是有害的。 (1)be harmful to sb./sth. (2)

对某人/某物有害 对某人有害

(3)

do/cause harm to sb.??

? ?do/cause sb.harm?

?There is no harm in doing sth.?

? ?It does no harm to do sth.?

做某事没有坏处

①Some boys are too crazy about playing games on the computer，which is very harmful to their health.

有些男生对玩电脑游戏简直到了痴迷的程度，这对他们的健康非常有害。

②If you want to solve the problem in this way，there is no harm in calling him.如果你想以这种方式来解决问题，你不妨给他打个电话。

[链接写作] 一句多译

众所周知，过量喝酒对你的健康有害。

①What is known to us is that drinking too much is harmful to your health．(harmful)

②It is known to us that drinking too much does harm to your health．(harm) exist vi.存在；生存

[高考佳句] If it weren't for Rachel Carson，the environmental movement might not exist today.(2016年全国乙卷·阅读理解)如果不是因为Rachel Carson，今天的环保运动就可能不存在。

(1)exist/live on sth. exist in

There exist(s)．.. (2)in existence come into existence

靠某物生存 存在于 有/存在…… 现存的；现有的 产生；存在

①You can't imagine what difficulty they have existing on the money he's earning.你无法想象他们靠他挣的那点钱维持生活是多么的困难。

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②Scientists have many theories about how the universe first came into existence(exist)．关于一开始宇宙是如何产生的，科学家们有多种理论。

puzzle vt.& vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难 n. (游戏的)猜谜；难题；谜

[教材原句] How life began on earth is one of the biggest puzzles that scientists found hard to solve.

地球生命如何起源是科学家们觉得很难解决的最大的难题之一。 (1)a puzzle be in a puzzle (2)puzzle about/over (3)puzzling adj. puzzled adj. be puzzled about

一件(让人感到)困惑的事情 感到困惑；不知如何是好 冥思苦想；苦苦思索 令人迷惑的 迷惑不解的；困惑的 对……迷惑不解

①What puzzles me is why he left the country without telling anyone. 令我百思不解的是他为什么没有告诉任何人就离开了这个国家。 ②Where the missing plane has gone still remains a puzzle to us. 失联飞机去了哪儿对我们来说仍是个谜。

③The puzzled look on her face suggested she was puzzled about the puzzling math problem.(puzzle)

她困惑的表情暗示了她对那个令人困惑的数学问题迷惑不解。

【导学号：30892074】

pull n．& vt.拉(力)；拖；牵引力

[高考佳句] On a family car trip，her Aunt Dede pulled out a copy of Harry potter，as a surprise for her niece.(2016年四川高考·完形填空)

在一次家庭汽车旅行中，她(Lainey)的姑妈Dede拿出一本《哈利·波特》，作为令她侄女惊奇的东西。

pull down pull in pull out pull through pull up

拆毁；摧毁

(车辆)进站停靠；靠边停靠 驶出；拉出；拔出 康复；痊愈 (使)停住

①Whether the buildings in this area should be pulled down has remained controversial；people are still looking for other possible solutions.

这个区域的建筑物是否需要拆毁还存在争议；人们仍旧在寻找着其他可能的解决方法。

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②We waved as the train pulled out of the station. 火车驶出车站时我们挥手告别。

③Everyone was very concerned whether he would pull through or not. 每个人都很关心他是否能痊愈。 [链接写作] 句式升级

The train has pulled in(已进站停靠)and the passengers are boarding it now. →The train having pulled in，the passengers are boarding it now.(独立主格结构)

诠释3个核心短语

in time及时；终于；迟早

[高考佳句] As a proverb goes“Where there is a will，there is a way.”Our efforts will pay off in time.(2014年山东高考·书面表达)常言道，“有志者，事竟成”，我们的努力迟早会有所回报。

(1)in no time at no time at a time at one time at the same time from time to time (2)take one's time kill time

立刻；马上

决不(位于句首时，句子须用部分倒装结构) 每次；一次 曾经；一度 同时 有时；偶尔 别着急；慢慢来 消磨时间

①We'll have that leak fixed in no time. 我们马上就把那个漏洞补上。

②At no time did they actually break the rules of the game.It was unfair to punish them.(2013年辽宁高考·单项填空)

他们确实没有违反比赛规则。惩罚他们是不公平的。

③At the same time，we are going to bring along about five hundred books with us for your class.(2015年天津高考·书面表达)

同时，我们将为你们的中文班带去大约500本图书。 in one's turn 轮到某人；接着

[经典例句] Thus they have，in their turn，become the most important animals on the planet.

于是，他们接着成了这个行星上最重要的动物。

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