上海2014届高考英语一模卷试题集（对外版） 浦东新区
Section B
Directions: Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
After hours sitting inside Deep Worker, it feels good to get back. While you’re stretching on the deck, others on the ship are at work studying the data you have collected.
The rock samples you collected are taken to a laboratory on board the ship. Tests performed on ocean rocks can show the age of the seafloor. Many people will study the videotapes of the swordfish. There is nothing like a video to show others exactly what you saw and experienced
in the deep. Videos capture details of how animals move and behave—details that a person sitting inside Deep Worker could easily miss. Those details can help scientists better understand the role each kind of animal plays in its deep-sea community.
While you were below, Deep Worker’s exact location was being tracked. Thus, detailed maps of the seafloor, showing underwater canyons and mountains far beneath the surface can be made with the help of this information. Dive by dive, Sylvia Earle and her fellow scientists are piecing together remarkable pictures of the deep sea—a world that until recently was as unknown as a distant planet.
Since Sylvia first began exploring the waters around Florida, she’s seen changes —trash on the seafloor, fewer fish, polluted water. These ocean problems in Florida and in many other parts of the world make people like Sylvia anxious. They want to know how to protect the ocean, and how to restore it to good health where damage has been done.
Sylvia and other scientists are learning more about the ocean, especially the deep sea, than ever before. The more we know about a place, the better we understand it. As Sylvia says, “With knowing comes caring. If people care about something, they will work to protect it.”
66. What does the bold-typed phrase “this information” in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A. The location of underwater canyons and mountains. B. Remarkable pictures of the deep sea. C. These ocean problems. D. The track of Deep Worker.
67. Sylvia Earle is probably a scientist who ________________.
A. specializes in making maps B. cares about the ocean
C. works on an unknown ship
D. performs experiments in a laboratory
68. According to Paragraph 4, which statement about Sylvia is TRUE? Sylvia ______________.
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has seen fewer fish and polluted water is concerned aboutthe ocean problems
has explored the waters and protected the ocean has restored good health after her injury
69. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?
A. Working below in Deep Worker B. Ocean Exploration and Ocean Maps C. Deep Worker Saving the World
D. Ocean familiarity and Ocean Preservation
(B)
Walking, cycling or hopping on to public transport are the best ways to travel with a clean conscience. Yet cars remain an important option for many families because of its convenience. For people in rural areas, or with mobility problems, a car can be an essential lifeline.
Drive with style
No matter what kind of car you run, the least reliable part will be you: your driving style has a massive impact on the fuel needed, with acceleration, gear-changing and braking all playing a significant role.
Inching along at the pace of a child’s tricycle might feel frugal but won’t magically yield peak economy. In most modern cars, accelerate normally, changing up at 2,000rpm in a diesel, or 2,500rpm in a petrol-powered car. Once at a sensible steady speed, choose the highest gear that will let the engine run without labouring.
A number of eco-driving apps are available for smartphones, to help you improve your smoothness. The A Glass of Water iPhone app offers tips to help you avoid spilling a drop. The free RAC Traffic app is also a great way to avoid wasting fuel in traffic jams.
It’s also important to:
● Check tyre pressures once a month.
● Leave junk at home. Carrying extra weight in the boot wastes excess fuel.
● Leave in good time and don’t speed. An extra 10mph on the motorway will add 10% to your fuel bill. Power plays
It may be decades before alternative fuels such as hydrogen become commonplace, but hybrid cars that use battery power to boost a petrol or diesel engine are already available in every category. It means many families might find an electric vehicle ideal as a second car. Sell your wheels, still travel by car
If you need a car for short periods, such as shopping, and live in a city, then consider a short-term car-hire service such as Zipcar instead of owning a car. If you’re travelling longer distances, pay your share of the fuel costs to someone who’s already driving there.
70. What can you infer from the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2?
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A. B. C. D.
上海2014届高考英语一模卷试题集（对外版） 浦东新区
A. Choosing a fuel-saving car matters more than your driving style. B. Your driving style matters most to the fuel needed. C. You should rely on yourself to drive a car.
D. Whether a car saves fuel depends largely on the car you choose.
71. What does the underlined word in Paragraph 3 most probably mean?
A. ecological B. convenient C. economical D. beneficial
72. Which of the following is NOT a suggested way of saving fuel according to the writer?
A. Driving along at a very low speed. B. Checking tyre pressures regularly. C. Putting the extra weight off the boot.
D. Applying the eco-driving apps on smartphones.
73. Which may be the best choice for a visiting scholar who frequently gives lectures at colleges
in a neighboring town? A. Walking. B. Owning an electric vehicle. C. Renting a car. D. Buying a stylish car.
(C)
The death of languages is not a new phenomenon. Languages usually have a relatively short life span as well as a very high death rate. Only a few, including Egyptian, Chinese, Greek, Latin, have lasted more than 2,000 years.
What is new, however, is the speed at which they are dying out. Europe’s colonial conquests caused a sharp decline in linguistic diversity, eliminating at least 15 percent of all languages spoken at the time. Over the last 300 years, Europe has lost a dozen, and Australia has only 20 left of the 250 spoken at the end of the 18th century.
The rise of nation-states has also been decisive in selecting and consolidating national languages and sidelining others. By making great efforts to establish an official language in education, the media and the civil service, national governments have deliberately tried to eliminate minority languages.
This process of linguistic standardization has been boosted by industrialization and scientific progress, which have imposed new methods of communication that are swift, straightforward and practical. Language diversity came to be seen as an obstacle to trade and the spread of knowledge. Monolingualism became an ideal.
More recently, the internationalization of financial markets, the spread of information by electronic media and other aspects of globalization have intensified the threatto “small” languages. A language not on the Internet is a language that “no longer exists” in the modern world. It is out of the game.
The serious effects of the death of languages are evident. First of all, it is possible that if we all ended up speaking the same language, our brains would lose some of their natural capacity for linguistic inventiveness. We would never be able to figure out the origins of human language or resolve the mystery of “the first language”. As each language dies, a chapter of human history closes.
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上海2014届高考英语一模卷试题集（对外版） 浦东新区
Multilingualism is the most accurate reflection of multiculturalism. The destruction of the first will inevitably lead to the loss of the second. Imposing a language without any links to a people’s culture and way of life stifles the expression of their collective genius. A language is not only used for the main instrument of human communication. It also expresses the world vision of those who speak it, their imagination and their ways of using knowledge. To safeguard languages is an urgent matter.
74. Which of the following does not contribute to the death of languages? A. Colonial conquests of Europe. B. The boom of human population. C. Advances in science and industrialization. D. The rise of nation-states.
75. What does the underlined word “stifles” in Paragraph 7 probably mean? A. boosts B. fuels C. imposes D. kills
76. The serious effects of the death of languages include all except that____________. A. people would fail to understand how languages originated. B. language diversity would become an obstacle to globalization. C. monolingualism would lead to the loss of multiculturalism. D. human brains would become less creative linguistically.
77. What is the author’s purpose of writing this passage? A. To explain the reasons why languages are dying out. B. To warn people of the negative aspects of globalization.
C. To call people’s attention to the urgency of language preservation. D. To argue how important it is for people to speak more languages.
Section C
Directions: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.
The launch of the UK’s biggest online university venture has the potential to “revolutionise conventional models of formal education” and keep UK ahead in the global race to deliver the best education, says universities minister David Willetts.
The FutureLearn project will see more than 20 institutions enter the global market to offer massive open online courses, or Moocs. Until now, the US has led the way in the creation of Moocs, catering to an estimated 3 million learners worldwide with hundreds of courses from a range of top institutions.
Bath, Exeter, Birmingham, Edinburgh and Warwick are among the 21 UK universities that have signed up. The British Library, British Museum and British Council will also make material available to students. The venture, set up by the Open University, is a response to the rise of Moocs and will offer students a new and innovative way to access courses, says Martin Bean vice-chancellor of the Open University. Bean said, “Time and again we have seen the impact the Internet can have on industries — driving innovation and enhancing the customer experience. I have no doubt Moocs will do the same for education — offering people new and exciting ways to learn.”
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上海2014届高考英语一模卷试题集（对外版） 浦东新区
A senior academic at University College London — which has chosen not to be involved in FutureLearn — has questioned whether the Mooc model is the best road for universities to go down. Although free for students, online courses have some downsides. Stephen Caddick, professor at the university, says students want flexibility above all. “Moocs are an online product of higher education currently experienced offline by a lot of students: inflexible”, said Caddick. “These courses are free to students, yet very expensive to develop for universities. ”
Simon Nelson, CEO of FutureLearn, said university partners see this opportunity as “money extremely well spent”, helping them to boost their global profile and encourage experimentation and innovation within university departments. According to Nelson, FutureLearn will continue to expand its number of partners both in the UK and overseas, as well as develop its commercial model, which in the future could see students paying to take exams and purchase extra course material.
(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TWELVE WORDS.)
78. Besides revolutionizing traditional educational models, FutureLearn has the potential to ______________________.
79. How many learners all over the world have benefited from the online courses offered by American universities?
80. What are the two downsides of online courses mentioned by Stephen Caddic? 81. What is the plan for FutureLearn according to Nelson?
第II卷（共47分）
I. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given inthe brackets. 1. 这家花店里面的鲜花一应俱全。(available)
2. 大家都认为很多自然灾害与非法砍伐树木息息相关。(It) 3. 你书看得越多，就越有可能接触到不同的文化。(expose) 4. 获悉自己被一所理想大学录取时，他才松了一口气。(Not until…)
5. 虽然这个角色在电影中是个失败者，但他战胜困难的决心一直激励着年轻观众去追求自己的梦想。(inspire)
II. Guided Writing
Directions: Write an English composition in 120— 150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
目前，某某学校正在开展推选“校园形象大使”(image ambassador on campus)活动。假定你是该校的一名学生，请以书信的形式向校长推荐一位同学或者进行自荐，并结合具体事例阐明推荐的理由。(信中请勿出现具体校名和姓名)
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浦东新区2013学年度第一学期期末质量测试 高三英语试卷
