2020年高考英语语法背诵大全
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一．名词 I. 名词的种类：
专有名词 国名地名人名，团体机构名称 II. 名词的数：
1. 规则名词的复数形式：
名词的复数形式，一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es。现将构成方法与读音规则列表如下：
规则 1 2 3 4 5 一般情况在词尾加-s 以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词后加-es 以-f或-fe结尾的变-f和-fe为v再加-es 词 加-s 以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i加-es 以元音字母加y结尾的名词，或专有名词以y结尾的，加-s 以辅音字母加-o结尾的名词 一般加-es 不少外来词加-s 两者皆可 例词 map-maps, sea-seas, girl-girls, day-days class-classes, box-boxes, watch-watches, dish-dishes leaf-leaves, thief-thieves, knife-knives, loaf-loaves, wife-wives belief-beliefs, chief-chiefs, proof-proofs, roof-roofs, gulf-gulfs party-parties, family-families, story-stories, city-cities toy-toys, boy-boys, day-days, ray-rays, Henry-Henrys hero-heroes, Negro-Negroes, potato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes piano-pianos, photo-photos, auto-autos, kilo-kilos, solo-solos zero-zeros/zeroes, volcano-volcanoes/ volcanos radio-radios, bamboo-bamboos, zoo-zoos truth-truths, mouth-mouths, month-months, path-paths, 个体名词 可数名词 集体名词 抽象名词 普通名词 不可数名词 物质名词 6 7 8 以元音字母加-o结尾的名词加-s 以-th结尾的名词加-s 2. 不规则名词复数：
英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的，现归纳如下：
规则 1 2 3 4 5 6 改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式 单复数相同 只有复数形式 一些集体名词总是用作复数 复数（成员） 复数形式表示特别含义 例词 man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, goose-geese, mouse-mice sheep, deer, series, means, works, fish, species li, yuan, jin, ashes, trousers, clothes, thanks, goods, glasses, compasses, contents people, police, cattle, staff population, crew, team, public, enemy, party customs(海关), forces(军队), times(时代), spirits(情绪), drinks(饮料), sands(沙滩), papers(文件报纸), manners(礼貌), looks(外表), 部分集体名词既可以作单数（整体）也可以作audience, class, family, crowd, couple, group, committee, government,
brains(头脑智力), greens(青菜), ruins(废墟) 表7 示加-s 单复数同形 以-man或-woman结尾的改为-men,-women 将主体名词变为复数 将两部分变为复数 Americans, Australians, Germans, Greeks, Swedes, Europeans Swiss, Portuguese, Chinese, Japanese Englishmen, Frenchwomen sons-in-law, lookers-on, passers-by, story-tellers, boy friends women singers, men servants “某国人” 8 合成名词 无主体名词时将最后一部分变为复数 grown-ups, housewives, stopwatches III. 名词的所有格：
名词在句中表示所有关系的语法形式叫做名词所有格。所有格分两种：一是名词词尾加’s构成，二是由介词of加名词构成。前者多表示有生命的东西，后者多表示无生命的东西。 1. ’s所有格的构成： 单数名词在末尾加’s 复数名词 一般在末尾加’ 不规则复数名词后加’s the boy’s father, Jack’s book, her son-in-law’s photo, the teachers’ room, the twins’ mother, the children’s toys, women’s rights, Dickens’ novels, Charles’s job, the Smiths’ house Japan’s and America’s problems, Jane’s and Mary’s bikes Japan and America’s problems, Jane and Mary’s father 以s结尾的人名所有格加’s或者’ 表示各自的所有关系时,各名词末尾均须加’s 表示共有的所有关系时在最后一词末加’s 表示＂某人家＂＂店铺＂，所有格后名词省略 the doctor’s, the barber’s, the tailor’s, my uncle’s 2. ’s所有格的用法： １ 2 3 4 5 6 7 表示时间 表示自然现象 表示国家城市等地方的名词 表示工作群体 表示度量衡及价值 与人类活动有特殊关系的名词 某些固定词组 today’s newspaper, five weeks’ holiday the earth’s atmosphere, the tree’s branches the country’s plan, the world’s population, China’s industry the ship’s crew, majority’s view, the team’s victory a mile’s journey, five dollars’ worth of apples the life’s time, the play’s plot a bird’s eye view, a stone’s throw, at one’s wit’s end(不知所措) 3. of所有格的用法：
用于无生命的东西：the legs of the chair, the cover of the book
用于有生命的东西，尤其是有较长定语时：the classrooms of the first-year students 用于名词化的词：the struggle of the oppressed 二．冠词
冠词分为不定冠词（a, an），定冠词（the），和零冠词。 I. 不定冠词的用法： 1 2 3 指一类人或事，相当于a kind of 第一次提及某人某物，非特指 表示“每一”相当于every，one A plane is a machine that can fly. A boy is waiting for you. We study eight hours a day.
4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
表示“相同”相当于the same 类似性质的人或事 用于固定词组中 用于quite, rather, many, half, what, such之后 用于so(as, too, how)+形容词之后 表示某一类人或物 用于世上独一无二的事物名词前 We are nearly of an age. That boy is rather a Lei Feng. A couple of, a bit, once upon a time, in a hurry, have a walk, many a time This room is rather a big one. She is as clever a girl as you can wish to meet. The horse is a useful animal. the universe, the moon, the Pacific Ocean Would you mind opening the door? play the violin, play the guitar the reach, the living, the wounded the Greens, the Wangs He is the taller of the two children. the United States, the Communist Party of China, the French The compass was invented in China. in the 1990’s I hired the car by the hour. 用于人名前，表示不认识此人或与某名人有A Mr. Smith came to visit you when you were out II. 定冠词的用法：
表示说话双方都了解的或上文提到过的人或事 用于乐器前面 用于形容词和分词前表示一类人 表示“一家人”或“夫妇” 用于序数词和形容词副词比较级最高级前 用于国家党派等以及江河湖海，山川群岛的名词前 用于表示发明物的单数名词前 在逢十的复数数词之前，指世纪的某个年代 用于表示单位的名词前 用于方位名词，身体部位名词，及表示时间的词组前 He patted me on the shoulder. 专有名词，物质名词，抽象名词，人名地名等名词前 Beijing University, Jack, China, love, air 名词前有this, my, whose, some, no, each, every等限制 季节，月份，星期，节假日，一日三餐前 表示职位，身份，头衔的名词前 学科，语言，球类，棋类名词前 与by连用表示交通工具的名词前 以and连接的两个相对的名词并用时 I want this book, not that one. / Whose purse is this? March, Sunday, National Day, spring Lincoln was made President of America. He likes playing football/chess. by train, by air, by land husband and wife, knife and fork, day and night Horses are useful animals. III. 零冠词的用法：
8 表示泛指的复数名词前 三．代词：
I. 代词可以分为以下七大类： 1 2 人称主格 代词 宾格 I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them my, your, his, her, its, our, their mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves this, that, these, those, such, some who, whom, whose, which, what, whoever, whichever, whatever 物主形容词性 代词 名词性 3 反身代词 4 指示代词 5 疑问代词
2020年高考英语语法背诵大全
