problems that cannot be ignored. Some leaders unwilling to do masses work, masses concept weak, on masses feelings not deep, pendulum not are with masses of relationship, think masses work is revolutionary war era of things, now obsolete has, buried business work, ignored masses work of situation compared General; some leaders not do masses work, old method regardless of with, new not with, not understand masses psychological, not understand masses wishes, not said masses language, work method simple stiff, caused masses of conflict and antipathy; some leaders can't do masses work, Faced with a lot of contradictions among the people worry about fear, panic set in encounter group events, and some are even mismanaged, inflame, so work has suffered heavy losses, and so on. These problems we are soberly aware, enhancing the party's ruling capability, the maintenance and development of the party's advanced nature and purity, and to enhance the ability of party committees and leading cadres are good people. Attach great importance to and is good at doing mass work, has become the new urgent situation strengthening the party's governing capacity-building tasks. Combined practice of maintaining flesh-and-blood ties with the masses, urged the broad masses of party members and cadres, especially all levels ... Processing to improve as a guide to the country. \se new things, be promoted. \d manifestation of the Deng Xiaoping's mass. Deng also put people \s not support\not to agree\happy\omise\nd destination of developing guidelines, policies, and as the only standard for measuring compliance with the wishes of the masses of the people. Under the guidance of Deng Xiaoping theory, Central Government adopted a series of important measures to strengthen links with the masses. In December 1989, the CPC Central Committee made on adhering to and perfecting the system of multi-party cooperation and political consultation under the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party, closely for CPC and the democratic parties and the relationship between the part of the masses that they contact, effectively carrying out the mass line, played a positive role. In March 1990, the 13 plenary session adopted the decision on strengthening contacts with the masses of the Party noted that \nd developed in the long struggle of the party's mass line, is to realize the party's ideological line, the fundamental political and organizational work route\s maintain flesh-and-blood ties and development of the masses, is directly related to the rise and fall of the rise and fall of the party and State. In September 1994, 14 adopted by the plenary session of the Party on strengthening decision on several major issues of party building. The requirements of the decision of the party's leading bodies and leading cadreshould develop a democratic style of work, come from the masses, to the masses, together, stick to the mass line. Party of 13 session four in the plenary yihou, to Jiang comrade for core of party渠道设计说明
一、概述
本次灌溉排水项目主要渠道分四级，分别是干渠、支渠、斗渠、农渠，农渠以下布置毛渠、输水沟（个别区域无需布置输水沟），排水沟对应同一级别的渠道布置，渠道、排水沟以及道路的布置型式采用路-沟-渠的型式，其中，道路和排水沟布置在田块下端，渠道布置在相邻田块的上端，道路布置在靠近田块的位置，以方便以后的道路扩建及改造。
二、设计依据 1.设计资料
本次设计的主要参考资料是由业主提供的关于伊朗胡吉斯坦与伊拉姆省公顷农田灌溉、排水网开发项目的考察报告，相应的农田改造计划规模表以及业主的设计要求。
2.设计依据
《土地开发整理项目初步设计规范》（TD/T1012-2000）； 《土地开发整理项目初步设计规范》（TD/T1012-2000） 《水力计算手册》（2006第二版） 《水工设计手册》（第八卷-灌区建筑物） 《农田水力学》
工程建设标准强制性条文（水利工程部分）（2004年版） 水利水电工程等级划分及洪水标准SL252-2000 水闸设计规范（SL265-2001）
水工钢筋混凝土结构设计规范（试行）SDJ20-78 水工建筑物荷载设计规范 DL5077-1997 灌溉与排水工程设计规范 GB50288-99 水工建筑物抗震设计规范 SL203-97 泵站设计规范（GB/T50265-87） 二、设计标准
f third generation Central led collective, banner Deng Xiao-ping's theory great flag, insisted liberation thought, and facts, and times, in both at home and abroad political storm, and economic risk, severe test before, relies on party and people, defended China features Socialist, created socialist market new system, created full open new situation, advance party of construction new of great engineering, founded \sentative\nt thought, Continue to steer the ship of reform and opening up forward on the right. Comrade Jiang Zemin said: \ngthening and improving the party's mass work in the new situation, it is of decisive significance to consolidating the ruling Foundation of the party. \hrough our party and some of the world's major lessons learned from the success of the old party of the party, Comrade Jiang Zemin pointed out:\political advantage of our party is in close contact with the masses, the most dangerous after the ruling party was divorced from the masses. %uction, only the understanding, support and participation of the people, people's enthusiasm and creativity into full play in order to advance; the leadership of the party, only the tie and win the masses embraced, can be consolidated and strengthened. \d out that strengthening and improvinghe party's work style construction, maintaining the party's flesh-and-blood ties with the masses is the core problem, the key is to do solid work, implement, resolutely oppose and overcome formalism. Comrade Jiang Zemin stressed that all the work and policies of the party, are in compliance with the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people to the highest degree, to the majority of people are not satisfied with the fundamental guidelines, strive to make our workers, farmers, intellectuals and other people enjoy ... Single, everyone seemed to know. But well known does not mean perfect. Some party members and leading cadres, consider contacting their small departments, within a small circle of people, or contact individual owners, the entrepreneur, is the masses, this idea is obviously not correct. The Communist Party of China, people should have three characteristics. First, the people should be the most social, is a Department within the scope of the majority. Specific to the party and Government departments, especially the cadres working in the Central and State organs, mass is the 1.3 billion Chinese people, work for the party members and cadres, masses are the land within the jurisdiction of the common people. The second characteristic of the masses, is that we have common interests. Masses are manifestations of each specific people, but the crowd is a comprehensive political concept, refers to people with common political and economic interests in the period of social transformation, social differentiation between the interests of the masses is large, if you do not find the interest in doing mass work, the party members and cadres, will be in a passive position. The third characteristic of the massesproblems that cannot be ignored. Some leaders unwilling to do masses work, masses concept weak, on masses feelings not deep, pendulum not are with masses of relationship, think masses work is revolutionary war era of things, now obsolete has, buried business work, ignored masses work of situation compared General; some leaders not do masses work, old method regardless of with, new not with, not understand masses psychological, not understand masses wishes, not said masses language, work method simple stiff, caused masses of conflict and antipathy; some leaders can't do masses work, Faced with a lot of contradictions among the people worry about fear, panic set in encounter group events, and some are even mismanaged, inflame, so work has suffered heavy losses, and so on. These problems we are soberly aware, enhancing the party's ruling capability, the maintenance and development of the party's advanced nature and purity, and to enhance the ability of party committees and leading cadres are good people. Attach great importance to and is good at doing mass work, has become the new urgent situation strengthening the party's governing capacity-building tasks. Combined practice of maintaining flesh-and-blood ties with the masses, urged the broad masses of party members and cadres, especially all levels ... Processing to improve as a guide to the country. \se new things, be promoted. \This is a vivid manifestation of the Deng Xiaoping's mass. Deng also put people \s not support\not to agree\happy\omise\nd destination of developing guidelines, policies, and as the only standard for measuring compliance with the wishes of the masses of the people. Under the guidance of Deng Xiaoping theory, Central Government adopted a series of important measures to strengthen links with the masses. In December 1989, the CPC Central Committee made on adhering to and perfecting the system of multi-party cooperation and political consultation under the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party, closely for CPC and the democratic parties and the relationship between the part of the masses that they contact, effectively carrying out the mass line, played a positive role. In March 1990, the 13 plenary session adopted the decision on strengthening contacts with the masses of the Party noted that \nd developed in the long struggle of the party's mass line, is to realize the party's ideological line, the fundamental political and organizational work route\can always maintain flesh-and-blood ties and development of the masses, is directly related to the rise and fall of the rise and fall of the party and State. In September 1994, 14 adopted by the plenary session of the Party on strengthening decision on several major issues of party building. The requirements of the decision of the party's leading bodies and leading cadreshould develop a democratic style of work, come from the masses, to the masses, together, stick to the mass line. Party of 13 session four in the plenary yihou, to Jiang comrade for core of party参考《土地开发整理项目初步设计规范》（TD/T1012-2000）以及《地开发整理项目初步设计规范》（TD/T1012-2000），对土地进行适当平整，并根据土地平整情况进行渠道和排水沟布置。
三、渠道
项目区规划本着结合灌区现状、考虑充分配水的原则，灌溉渠系按干、支、斗、农渠四级固定布置，项目区灌溉方式主要采用自流灌溉方式。项目区排水沟依灌溉渠系进行四级布置。渠系尽可能布置在高地和分水岭上，一遍控制更多的灌溉面积，且渠线力求尽可能的短、直，并尽量避免交叉建筑物以减少工程量。
渠系布置时，渠道底坡遵循下一级渠道大于上一级渠道的原则，斗渠底坡取1/1000，农渠底坡取1/500。渠道、田间道路以及排水沟的布置型式采用路-沟-渠的布置形式，如下图，即将渠道布置在田块上端，以满足田块的自流灌溉需求；将排水沟布置在田块最下端，一遍田间排水能更好的进入排水沟；将道路布置在田块下端进靠田块的一侧，以便未来可能需要的道路扩建或整修，但道路与下级排水沟相交，因此要做桥涵。
田块路-沟-渠布置示意图
渠系布置时，三级渠道如遇到需要过路的情况，一般采用倒虹吸来穿路，四级渠道和排水沟则采用桥涵穿路。
渠系灌溉方式采用轮灌与续灌相结合的灌溉方式，因此需要在三、四级渠道的进水口需要设置分水闸，并在相应的上级渠道，根据轮灌分组在进水口下游处设置节制闸。闸门型式采用渠道钢板闸门，闸门处的渠道采用矩形水池进行连接，闸门设在水池内。
三级渠道采用渡槽的型式，断面型式采用半椭圆型渡槽。渡槽预制方式生产，预制渠段每5m为一段，在连接处采用鞍形连接，连接处缝隙采用沥青砂浆填充。
f third generation Central led collective, banner Deng Xiao-ping's theory great flag, insisted liberation thought, and facts, and times, in both at home and abroad political storm, and economic risk, severe test before, relies on party and people, defended China features Socialist, created socialist market new system, created full open new situation, advance party of construction new of great engineering, founded \sentative\nt thought, Continue to steer the ship of reform and opening up forward on the right. Comrade Jiang Zemin said: \ngthening and improving the party's mass work in the new situation, it is of decisive significance to consolidating the ruling Foundation of the party. \hrough our party and some of the world's major lessons learned from the success of the old party of the party, Comrade Jiang Zemin pointed out:\political advantage of our party is in close contact with the masses, the most dangerous after the ruling party was divorced from the masses. %uction, only the understanding, support and participation of the people, people's enthusiasm and creativity into full play in order to advance; the leadership of the party, only the tie and win the masses embraced, can be consolidated and strengthened. \d out that strengthening and improving the party's work style construction, maintaining the party's flesh-and-blood ties with the masses is the core problem, the key is to do solid work, implement, resolutely oppose and overcome formalism. Comrade Jiang Zemin stressed that all the work and policies of the party, are in compliance with the fundamental interests of the overwhelmng majority of the people to the highest degree, to the majority of people are not satisfied with the fundamental guidelines, strive to make our workers, farmers, intellectuals and other people enjoy ... Single, everyone seemed to know. But well known does not mean perfect. Some party members and leading cadres, consider contacting their small departments, within a small circle of people, or contact individual owners, the entrepreneur, is the masses, this idea is obviously not correct. The Communist Party of China, people should have three characteristics. First, the people should be the most social, is a Department within the scope of the majority. Specific to the party and Government departments, especially the cadres working in the Central and State organs, mass is the 1.3 billion Chinese people, work for the party members and cadres, masses are the land within the jurisdiction of the common people. The second characteristic of the masses, is that we have common interests. Masses are manifestations of each specific people, but the crowd is a comprehensive political concept, refers to people with common political and economic interests in the period of social transformation, social differentiation between the interests of the masses is large, if you do not find the interest in doing mass work, the party members and cadres, will be in a passive position. The third characteristic of the masses problems that cannot be ignored. Some leaders unwilling to do masses work, masses concept weak, on masses feelings not deep, pendulum not are with masses of relationship, think masses work is revolutionary war era of things, now obsolete has, buried business work, ignored masses work of situation compared General; some leaders not do masses work, old method regardless of with, new not with, not understand masses psychological, not understand masses wishes, not said masses language, work method simple stiff, caused masses of conflict and antipathy; some leaders can't do masses work, Faced with a lot of contradictions among the people worry about fear, panic set in encounter group events, and some are even mismanaged, inflame, so work has suffered heavy losses, and so on. These problems we are soberly aware, enhancing the party's ruling capability, the maintenance and development of the party's advanced nature and purity, and to enhance the ability of party committees and leading cadres are good people. Attach great importance to and is good at doing mass work, has become the new urgent situation strengthening the party's governing capacity-building tasks. Combined practice of maintaining flesh-and-blood ties with the masses, urged the broad masses of party members and cadres, especially all levels ... Processing to improve as a guide to the country. \se new things, be promoted. \d manifestation of the Deng Xiaoping's mass. Deng also put people \s not support\not to agree\happy\omise\nd destination of developing guidelines, policies, and as the only standard for measuring compliance with the wishes of the masses of the people. Under the guidance of Deng Xiaoping theory, Central Government adopted a series of important measures to strengthen links with the masses. In December 1989, the CPC Central Committee made on adhering to and perfecting the system of multi-party cooperation and political consultation under the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party, closely for CPC and the democratic parties and the relationship between the part of the masses that they contact, effectively carrying out the mass line, played a positive role. In March 1990, the 13 plenary session adopted the decision on strengthening contacts with the masses of the Party noted that \nd developed in the long struggle of the party's mass line, is to realize the party's ideological line, the fundamental political and organizational work route\s maintain flesh-and-blood ties and development of the masses, is directly related to the rise and fall of the rise and fall of the party and State. In September 1994, 14 adopted by the plenary session of the Party on strengthening decision on several major issues of party building. The requirements of the decision of the party's leading bodies and leading cadreshould develop a democratic style of work, come from the masses, to the masses, together, stick to the mass line. Party of 13 session four in the plenary yihou, to Jiang comrade for core of party鞍形连接下端和支座上端对应的两端各留两个直径18mm，深度65mm的圆孔，采用在圆孔中插入钢筋来进行连接。
根据来水量以及作物需水量确定出三级渠道所需的过流能力（见“灌溉能力和斗渠流量”计算表），并与预制场提供的渠道断面型式进行对比，最终确定流量小于0.2m3/s的渠道选取编号315的断面型式；大于等于0.2m3/s且小于等于0.23m3/s的 渠道选取编号400的断面型式；而大于0.23m3/s且小于0.4m3/s的渠道选取编号600的断面型式。并根据选定的渠道断面型式确定相应的鞍型连接和支座型式。
f third generation Central led collective, banner Deng Xiao-ping's theory great flag, insisted liberation thought, and facts, and times, in both at home and abroad political storm, and economic risk, severe test before, relies on party and people, defended China features Socialist, created socialist market new system, created full open new situation, advance party of construction new of great engineering, founded \sentative\nt thought, Continue to steer the ship of reform and opening up forward on the right. Comrade Jiang Zemin said: \ngthening and improving the party's mass work in the new situation, it is of decisive significance to consolidating the ruling Foundation of the party. \hrough our party and some of the world's major lessons learned from the success of the old party of the party, Comrade Jiang Zemin pointed out:\political advantage of our party is in close contact with the masses, the most dangerous after the ruling party was divorced from the masses. %uction, only the understanding, support and participation of the people, people's enthusiasm and creativity into full play in order to advance; the leadership of the party, only the tie and win the masses embraced, can be consolidated and strengthened. \d out that strengthening and improving the party's work style construction, maintaining the party's flesh-and-blood ties with the masses is the core problem, the key is to do solid work, implement, resolutely oppose and overcome formalism. Comrade Jiang Zemin stressed that all the work and policies of the party, are in compliance with the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people to the highest degree, to the majority of people are not satisfied with the fundamental guidelines, strive to make our workers, farmers, intellectuals and other people enjoy ... Single, everyone seemed to know. But well known does not mean perfect. Some party members and leading cadres, consider contacting their small departments, within a small circle of people, or contact individual owners, the entrepreneur, is the masses, this idea is obviously not correct. The Communist Party of China, people should have three characteristics. First, the people should be the most social, is a Department within the scope of the majority. Specific to the party and Government departments, especially the cadres working in the Central and State organs, mass is the 1.3 billion Chinese people, work for the party members and cadres, masses are the land within the jurisdiction of the common people. The second characteristic of the masses, is that we have common interests. Masses are manifestations of each specific people, but the crowd is a comprehensive political concept, refers to people with common political and economic interests in the period of social transformation, social differentiation between the interests of the masses is large, if you do not find the interest in doing mass work, the party members and cadres, will be in a passive position. The third characteristic of the masses
渠道设计说明
