阅读理解（五）科教科普类 1、What exactly is intelligence? There aren’t any easy answers. Despite the progress that has been made in genetics and psychology, human intelligence has remained one of the most controversial areas of modern science, until now, that is, for the discovery of a gene(基因) linked to intelligence has made the experts think again.
Robert Plomin of the Institute of Psychiatry in London and his colleagues in the US have been looking into genetic make-up. From their research, they have discovered that a slightly different gene is more common in those with a high IQ. Plomin analyzed DNA from two groups of 51 children aged between 6 and 15. What he found was that the first group had an IQ of 136, putting them in the top 5% of the population, while the other group had an average IQ of 103. An analysis of their genes showed that 32% of children in the higher group had the gene in question, while only 16% in the second group did. However, there is a lot more research to be done, and Plomin himself is cautious at this early stage. He suggests that there are probably many genes that contribute to intelligence, rather than just one.
Several studies have shown a strong link between IQ and career success, although some psychologists remain unconvinced about this. Professor Michael Rowe, who has written a book called Genius Explained, is one of these. “The people with the highest IQs are not usually the ones who do best in their careers.”
Many psychologists now believe that when it comes to intelligence, IQ isn’t everything. Many alternative views have been put forward recently. One example is the idea of multiple intelligences, which was
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developed in the 1980s by Harvard psychologist Howard Gardner. This offers a much broader view than the IQ theory, including creativity and communication skills as relevant factors(因素) in intelligence. Tony Buzan, brain expert and author of Master your Memory, is enthusiastic about this belief, arguing that true geniuses(天才) do indeed appear to combine high levels of each type of intelligence. He lists Alexander the Great, Pablo Picasso and Albert Einstein as examples. At the same time, Buzan believes that everyone can develop their intelligence, only if they take the trouble to exercise their brain. Perhaps there’s hope for us all! 1.What is the topic of the passage?
A.The relationship between genes and intelligence. B.IQ benefits a lot from high intelligence. C.How to develop intelligence. D.What makes intelligence.
2.Why does the author use data in Paragraph 2? A.To make a suggestion. C.To prove an idea. example.
3.What can we learn from the passage?
A.Robert Plomin confirms genes have something in common. B.Howard Gardner thinks intelligence includes various factors. C.Michael Rowe approves of a strong link between IQ and career. D.Tony Buzan agrees geniuses exercise brain to improve intelligence. 4.What does the underlined word “This” in Paragraph 4 refer to? A.The development of intelligence. B.The idea of multiple intelligences.
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B.To draw a conclusion.
D.To
give
an
C.IQ isn’t everything for intelligence. views have been put forward.
D.Alternative
2、Your colleague’s sharp comment keeps replaying in your mind. Two of your students are trapped in a “he said/she said” battle. When you reflect on your emotional reactions, you sometimes get caught up in cycles of negative feelings, which can make you feel even worse. If so, the answer may lie in a skill called “self-distancing”, the ability to take a step back and view yourself more objectively. According to a research, when people adopt self-distancing while discussing a difficult event, they make better sense of their reactions, experience less emotional suffering, and display fewer signs of stress.
But what might self-distancing look like in action? Consider a typical “he said/she said” student conflict where they are each focusing on their own feelings. One is thinking, “I can't believe he did that to me.” And another insists, “She really hurt my feelings.” However, if you ask them to take the self-distancing, they might step outside of themselves and ask broader questions: “Why was he so hurt in this situation?” or “How did her anger affect him?”
Although this approach may sound too simple to be effective, studies indicate that a change in point of view can have a powerful effect on the way people think, feel, and behave. Here are several different techniques you can try.
First, consider how a thoughtful friend might respond after quietly observing their situation. Besides, avoid using the pronoun “I”. Focus on using third-person pronouns, he, she, they, and they were able to see the stressful event as challenging rather than threatening. Finally,
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ask yourself, “How would I feel about this one week from now or ten years from now?” This form of mental time travel may be effective because our attention is directed away from our immediate, concrete circumstances.
1.What is self-distancing?
A.Getting stuck in negative emotions. situation.
C.A study on relieving emotional stress. yourself objectively.
2.Which of the following statement uses the techniques of self-distancing? A.I'm angry with him. two people get to this point?
C.How I wish I could go back to the past! notes, and then, and then…
3.What is the best title for the passage? A.Why Self-distancing Matters Self-distancing
C.Breaking the Cycle of Negative Reflection on Emotional Reactions
3、It is common for adults to use “baby talk” when interacting with babies. This way of speaking attempts to imitate the sounds babies make when they first try to talk.But is this form of communication helpful to a child’s development?
Several studies have suggested a clear link between parental language methods and a child’s early language development. Studies showed
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B.A stressful
D.Reflecting on
B.How did these
D.He grabbed my
B.The Disadvantages of
D.Ways to Reflect
that language learning in babies was improved when parents spoke more than a few simple words and used a wider vocabulary. Earlier research found that the style of speech used by parents to
communicate with their baby could have an influence on language development.
One such speaking style is known as“parentese”.Research has shown that babies react better to this kind of language in the first months of life. Generally, parentese involves adults speaking in a higher voice and at a slower speed. The language is simplified, while sentences are short and often repeated. Studies from the past 30 years have confirmed that babies spoken to in parentese developed larger vocabularies throughout the first three years of life.
A new study on the subject, a project of the University of Washington’s Institute for Learning & Brain Sciences, examined whether parents can be effectively taught methods to improve their parentese skills. Naj a Ferjan Ramírez. working in the Institute for Learning & Brain Sciences, said that the parents involved in the research were first shown the importance of language input for their baby’s development. Parents were then given suggestions on how to use different parentese methods, and then rated on how well they used these methods with their child. She added that the new study is important because there are still a 1ot of parents with little knowledge about how to use parentese to help their child.This was one reason the researchers included parents from different cultural and economic groupings. 1.How do parents usually talk with their babies? A.By speaking in a funny style.
B.By copying babies’sounds.
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【冲刺必刷】2020年山东新高考英语模拟猜题专项汇编(5)阅读理解(五)科教科普类
