虚拟语气在非真实条件句中
与现在事实相反的假设 从句 If + 主语+助动词的过去式（were, did, had） 主句 主语+ should/would/could/might+动词原形 例句 If I had time, I would attend the meeting. If I were you, I should seize the opportunity to go abroad. 与过去事实相反的假设 与将来事实相反的假设 If +主语+had+过去分词 主语+should/would/could/might If you had taken my advice, you would not have failed in the +have+过去分词 exam. ① If+主语+动词过去式 ② If+主语+were to+动词原形 ③ If+主语+should+动词原形(注意不能是would) 主语+ should/would/could/might+动词原形 If you came tomorrow, we would have the meeting. If it were to rain tomorrow, we would put off the sports meeting. If he should not come tomorrow, we should put off the meeting till next Monday.
①错综时间条件句:
当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为错综时间条件句，动词的形式要根据它表示的时间作出相应的调整。如：
If you had followed my advice just now, you would be better now. If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now.
②if省略句
在条件句中可以省略if, 把were, had, should提到句首，变成倒装句式。如： If I were at school again, I would study harder. →Were I at school again, I would study harder. 如果我还有上学的机会，我会更加努力学习。 If you had come earlier, you would catch the bus. →Had you come earlier, you would catch the bus. 如果你来得早点，你就能赶上公共汽车。
If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. →Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. 如果明天下雨的话，我们就不能登山去了。
③用介词代替条件状语从句
常用的介词有with, without, but for。如：
What would you do with a million dollars? (=if you had a million dollars) 如果你有100万元，你会做什么？
We couldn?t have finished the work ahead of time without your help. (=if we hadn?t got your help) 没有你的帮助，我们不可能提前完成这项工作。
Without your help, we couldn?t have finished the work ahead of time. = But for your help, ?
= If it had not been for your help, ? = Had it not been for you help, ?
没有你的帮助，我们不可能提前完成这项工作。
④含蓄条件句
有时在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件句，而是通过其他手段来代替条件句。如： I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meeting. (副词)
He telephoned to inform me of your birthday, or I would have known nothing about it. (连词) A man who stopped drinking water would be dead in about seven days. (定语从句) I might have given you more help, but I was too busy. (连词)
Everything taken into consideration, they would have raised their output quickly. (独立主格结构)
⑤even if, even though也可用于虚拟语气，其形式与if 从句在虚拟语气中的形式相同。 习题
1. If my lawyer＿＿＿here last Saturday, he＿＿＿me from going. A. had been, would have prevented B. had been, would prevent C. were, would prevent
D. were, would have prevented
2. If it＿＿＿for the snow, we＿＿＿the mountain yesterday. A. were not, could have climbed B. were not, could climb
C. had not been, could have climbed D. had not been, could climb
3. Without electricity(电) human life＿＿＿quite difficult today. A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be
4. I didn?t see your sister at the meeting, if she＿＿＿, she would have met my brother. A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come
5. When the pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it＿＿＿.
A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken
6. He hesitated(犹豫) for a moment before kicking(踢) the ball. Otherwise he＿＿＿a goal. A. had scored B. scored C. would score D. would have scored
7. ＿＿＿right now, she would get there on Sunday. A. Would she leave B. If she leaves
C. Were she to leave D. If she had left
8. Had he worked harder, he＿＿＿the exam. A. must have got through B. would have got through C. would get through D. could get through
9. He must have had an accident, or he＿＿＿then. A. would have been here B. had to be here C. should be here D. would be here
10. ＿＿＿for my illness I would have lent him a helping hand. A. Not being
B. Had it not been C. Without being D. Not having been
11. We didn?t know his telephone number, otherwise we＿＿＿him. A. would have called B. must have telephoned C. would telephone D. had telephoned
虚拟语气(1)复习题
1.He ＿＿＿ you more help, even though he was very busy.
A. might have given B. might give C. may have given D. may give
2.＿＿＿ for your laziness(懒惰), you could have finished the assignment(任务) by now.
A. Had it not been B. It were not C. weren?t it D. Had not it been
3.If I hadn?t stood under the ladder(梯子) to catch you when you fell, you ＿＿＿ now.
A. wouldn?t be smiling B. couldn?t have smiled C. won?t smile D. didn?t smile
4.If it ＿＿＿ Professor Johnson?s recommendation(推荐), I wouldn?t have been admitted to the graduate school(研究生学院).
A. were not for B. had not been for C. were not D. had it not been
5.If we do not develop a new kind of car, air pollution ＿＿＿ even more dangerous. A. should have become B. will become C. would have become D. must have become
6.But for the stormy weather, we ＿＿＿ earlier.
A. should arrive B. shall arrive C. should have arrived D. shall have arrived
7.If we ＿＿＿ their terms(条款，条件), we would go bankrupt(破产). A. accept B. should accept C. had accepted D. are to accept
8.John would never have gone to the hospital ＿＿＿ that Tom would be there, too. A. he did not know B. if had he known C. had he known D. he would have known
9.Had he been more careful, he ＿＿＿ that accident.
A. would avoid B. would have avoided C. avoided D. should avoid
10.But that he came to help me, I ＿＿＿ there earlier.
A. could not arrive B. could not have arrived C. did not arrive D. can not arrive
11.She could look more attractive(有魅力的，吸引人的) but she ＿＿＿ no attention to her clothes.
A. pays B. was paying C. paid D. had paid
12.If I ＿＿＿ in his place, I would do that, too. A. was B. were C. am D. had been
虚拟语气(2)——虚拟语气在名词从句中
1.在由suggest, demand, require, request, insist, order, command, propose等表示建议、请求、命令、愿望等动词或其同根词引出的名词从句中，名词从句虚拟句的谓语变化的形式只有一条规律——名词从句虚拟句无论其主句的谓语动词时何种形式，从句的谓语形式均为should+动词原形，其中should可以省去。（特别提醒：不是用would,而是用should。）
常见的这类动词有: ask要求, advise, beg, suggest建议, command命令, demand要求，request请求, insist, require要求, order下令, propose, advice, recommend, intend, prefer宁愿, permit, persuade, expect, decide决定, instruct, object, determine, urge, appoint等等 Our teacher suggested that we (should) not leave the classroom. 老师建议我们不要离开教室。 He insisted that she do it right now. 他坚持她马上就做。 It is suggested by the doctor that I should give 在It is/was +上述动词的-ed形式+that从句中 up smoking. 医生建议我戒烟。 当上述动词以其名词形式出现，并且被用作主语，引导一个表语从句或者同位语从句时 My suggestion is that we (should) set out tomorrow morning. 我建议我们明早动身。 The suggestion that the sports meeting (should) put off It is necessary that you should attend the meeting. 你有必要参加会议。 It is imperative that you arrive there in time. 你必须按时到达那儿。 2. 在It is /was necessary, important等形容词+that从句中，常见的这类形容词有:necessary, important, essential, vital, advisable, urgent, desirable, natural, strange, imperative等 在It is a pity (a shame, no wonder)+that从句中 It is a pity that you fail the exam. It is no wonder he be late for class. 练习题
1.I insist that a doctor ＿＿＿ immediately.
A. has been sent for B. sends for C. will be sent for D. be sent for
2.The manager of the hotel requests(要求) that their guests(客人们) ＿＿＿ after 11:00 p.m..
A. not to play loud music B. shouldn?t play loud music C. don?t play loud music D. couldn?t play loud music
3.Mike?s uncle insists ＿＿＿ in this hotel.
A. staying not B. not to stay C. that he would not stay D. that he not stay
4.It was essential(重要的) that the application forms(申请表) ＿＿＿ back before the headline(截止日期).
A. must be sent B. would be sent C. be sent D. were sent
5.It is necessary ＿＿＿ the dictionary immediately.
A. that he will return B. that he returned C. that he return D. that he has to return
6.It is proposed(建议) that the matter(事情，事件) ＿＿＿ discussed at the next meeting.
A. will be B. was C. would be D. be
高中英语语法-虚拟语气全总结
