高考英语定语从句复习教案
1．概念
1.1.由一个句子作定语，修饰句中一个名词或代词，有时也可以修饰整个句子或句中的部分内容，这样的从句就是定语从句，被其修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
1.2.关系词分为两大类，即关系代词和关系副词，其作用一是引出一个定语从句，二是代替其所修饰的先行词，三是在句中充当某个句子成分。 关 系 词 that which 关系代词 who whom whose as 关系副词 when where why 所 指 先 行 词 在 从 句 中 所 担 成 分 事，物，人，时间，地点，原因 主，表，宾 事，物，人，时间，地点，原因 主，表，宾 人 人 事，物，人 事，物，人 时间 地点 原因 主，表，宾 状 状 状 主，表，宾 表，宾 定 2．高考热点 2.1 which
关系代词which引导非限定性定语从句，可代替上句的整个句子内容，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。
①Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, ________, of course, made the others unhappy.
A. who B. which C. this D. what
简析: A不能指代一句话的内容，C、D不能引导定语从句。 ② Garol said the work should be done by October,________ personally, I doubt very much..
A. It B. that C. when D. which
简析:A不能引导定语从句，B不能引导非限定性定语从句，.when 是副词，不能作doubt的宾语。 2.2 as
关系代词as引导非限定性定语从句，也可代替整个句子内容，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，它引导的非限定性定语从句可放于句首。
③_____ is know to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once very month. A. It B. As C. That D. What
简析:A、D不能引导定语从句，C不能引导非限定性定语从句。
④_______is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior high school is increasing.
A. Which B. As C . That D. It 简析: D不能引导定语从句，C不能引导非限定性定语从句, 虽说which 、as都可以引导非限定性定语从句，又可代替整个句子内容，但有下列区别:（见 as 与which的用法区别）
1）as引导的非限定性定语从句可放于句首, 而which引导的不能。
2）as引导的定性定语从句有\正如\之意，而which引导的没有。 2.3 when
关系副词 when引导定语从句时, 只能在定语从句中作时间状语，其修饰的名词必须是表示时间的名词。
⑤The film brought the hours back to me _______ I was taken good care of in that far-away village.
A. until B. that C. when D. where
简析: A不能引导定语从句，B不能引导非限定性定语从句, where修饰表地点的名词，而此题的先行词则是表时间的hours。 ⑥It was an exciting moment for these football fans this years, _____ for the first time in years their team won the World Cup.
A. that B. while C. which D. when
简析: A不能引导非限定性定语从句，B不能引导定语从句 , C虽说可以引导非限定性定语从句，但其先行词是物，或是代替整个句子内容，而此题的先行词是表示时间的an exciting moment. 2.4 where
关系副词 Where引导定从时, 只能在定从中作地点状语，其修饰的名词必须是表示地点的名词。
⑦After living in Paris for fifty years, he returned to the small town_____ he grew up as a child.
A .which B. where C. that D. when
简析: 在定语从句中判断用关系代词还是用关系副词，需要弄明白在从句中需要什么语法成分，也就是说，要看关系词在定语从句中担任什么成分，本题的定语从句中少地点状语，先行词又是表地点的名词，故应选B。 2.5介词+关系代词 （详见3.6）
当关系代词作介词宾语，且该介词不是和从句的谓语动词构成固定短语时，介词可以提前，这样就出现\介词+关系代词\。先行词指物，用\介词+which/whose\指人则用\介词+whom/whose\且两个关系代词均不能省略，介词的选择要遵循两个原则： 1）根据定语从句中谓语动词与先行词的搭配内容而定。 2）根据先行词特殊用法而定。
⑧Alec asked the policemen ______ he worked to contact him whenever there was an accident.
A. with him B. who C. with whom D. whom
⑨The gentleman ______ you told me yesterday proved to be a thief. A. who B. about whom C. whom D. with whom 3．定语从句的注意点
3.1 which和 that用法辨异 3.1.1通常只能用that的情况 ①当先行词是不定代词all, much, little, few, none, , anything, nothing，everything等时 (something后可以用which)。 ②先行词既指人又指物时.They talked about things and persons that they remembered。 ③先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时。
④先行词被the very, the only, the last, any, every, no ,all修饰时。
⑤先行词是疑问词who, what, which时或先行词 在由which, who引导的特殊疑问句中
时。
Who that you have ever seen can beat him in chess? *⑥关系词在从句中作表语时。
He is not that man that he was.（他已不是过去的他了）=He is not what he used to be.
3.1.2通常只能用which的情况
①引导非限制性定语从句修饰某物或整个句子时。
②如果句中有两个定语从句，其中一个用了that,另一个最好用which。
Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open to us.
③先行词本身就是that时。
I have that which you gave me.我有你给的那个。 ④介词之后须用which.
This is the one of which I’m speaking. 这就是我所讲的那个。 3.2 只能用who 的情况
①先行词是指人的不定代词one, ones, nobody, everyone, anyone或all时。 ②先行词是those和people时。 ③在there be开头的句中。
④先行词指人时后有一个较长的定语或被其他成分隔开时。 ⑤在非限制性定语从句中。
3.3 as和which用法辨异（代替主句整个内容）
3.3.1只能用as的情况 ①as通常与the same, such, so或as搭配使用。 ②位于句首的定语从句用as引导。
③as常解释为“正如...的那样”, “ 正像...”。 如：as is known to all, as we all know, as (it) often happens, as has been said before, as was expected, as is said above, as is mentioned above, as is reported in the newspaper等
*④as 引导的从句在意义上不能与主句相抵触，而which不受此限制。试比较： He did the experiment successfully, as had been expected. He failed in the experiment, which was unexpected.
3.3.2只能用which的情况 ①充当定语从句的主语时，从句的谓语动词是联系动词或被动语态时用as, which都可以，从句的谓语是行为动词时只用which。 ②接在介词后面时只用which。
③当从句的谓语是否定形式或接一个复合宾语时，只能用which。
He admires everyone in the class, which I find quite strange. 3.4 the same... as 和 the same ...that的用法辨异.
①That’s the same tool as I used last week.（同类事物）
②That’s the same tool that I used last week. 那就是我上周用过的工具。（指原物） 3.5 the way 做先行词时，定语从句可由that, in which 引导或不用引导词。 3.6介词+which/whom/whose
考点1 简单介词+关系代词 知识归纳：用于此结构的关系代词指人时只能用whom, 指物时只能用which；介词选择的依据主要是根据从句中的动词、形容词、名词与介词的固定搭配而定；或者以先行词与从
高考英语定语从句复习教案
