D 课标话题 词 数 人与自然·自然生态 343 体裁 难度 说明文 We already know that plants are capable of learning and adapting to their environment, just like any organism. But a new study seems to suggest that plants can do more than just adapt. They can actually make decisions at that.
Perhaps we shouldn't be surprised. Plants might be rooted, but their environments can be complex. In fact, researchers discovered that competition and a dynamic environment are what really pushes plants' decisionmaking to their limits.
For instance, when competing with competitors for limited sunlight, a plant is faced with having to choose among a number of options. It can attempt to outgrow its neighbors, thus gaining more access to light. It can also attempt to go into a lowlight survival mode, if it doesn't consider an_arms_race to be worthwhile. The plant might also need to determine which way it should grow to best maximize its resources.
“In our study we wanted to learn if plants can choose between these responses and match themselves to the relative size and density(密度) of their opponents，” said Michal Gruntman.
In the experiment, whenever plants were presented with tall competitors, they would go into shadetolerance mode. On the contrary, when plants were surrounded by small, dense vegetation, they would attempt go grow upright. But there were also wise decisions built into each of these situations, too. For instance, plants in shadetolerance mode would make their leaves thinner and wider to capture as much light as possible relative to the level of their competition.
“Such an ability to choose between different responses according to their outcome could be particularly important in diverse environments, where plants can grow by chance under neighbors with different size, age or density, and should therefore be able to choose their appropriate strategy，” said Gruntman.
All of this basically means that scientists are beginning to look more closely at how plants work through their decisions. Obviously plants don't have nervous systems, so more research will be needed to see exactly how these decisionmaking mechanisms(机能) operate within our plant friends.
语篇导读 本文介绍了一项新的研究：植物不仅会适应环境，还能作决定。 12．Why do plants need to make decisions? A．They are far different from other organisms. B．They know how to adapt to their environment. C．The environment where they are suited can change. D．They have the ability of learning about environment.
解析 C 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知，植物需要作出决定是因为竞争和不
断变化的环境，故选C项。
13．What does the underlined phrase “an arms race” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．The attempt to grow. B．The choice to survive.
C．The way to maximize the resources. D．The competition for more sunlight.
解析 D 词义猜测题。根据第三段第一句可知，植物需要为生存而竞争；根据第三段第三句可知，此处应表示植物进入低光线生存模式，即不参与对阳光的竞争，故选D项。
14．What influences the size and shape of plant leaves? A．How fierce their competition is. B．Where the plants grow actually. C．Whether vegetation is dense or not. D．What small plants they are surrounded with.
解析 A 细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句可知，植物会根据竞争程度的不同来改变叶子的厚度和大小，故选A项。
15．What is the best title for the text?
A．Plants Can Easily Adapt to the Environment B．Plants Are Capable of Decisionmaking C．Plants Can Work like Other Organisms Actually D．Plants Compete for Sunlight with Each Other
解析 B 标题归纳题。本文主要介绍了植物有作决定的能力，故选B项。 Ⅱ 七选五 课标话题 词 数 人与社会·艺术 248 体裁 难度 说明文 Art is for everyone and it exists everywhere. When it comes to appreciating an art painting, there is no right or wrong way. __1__ ?Know the artist. To know the artist is the first step toward appreciating any art painting. __2__ Once you get familiar with the paintings from a particular artist, you will start relating to their unique style.
?__3__ This is really tough. There are different styles and types of art mediums, realism, surrealism, and impressionism, to name but a few. So for beginners, it's advisable to keep things simple. Try to understand if the art you see is a watercolor, oil painting or acrylic(丙烯画) or
sketch(速写) on paper. You also need to figure out the styles of the work—figurative(形象的) or abstract.
?Try and find a meaning. To read between lines and colors and understand what the artist means can be very difficult. __4__ So here's a simple guide. Figurative paintings are easy because they are an honest description of emotions on the canvas(油画布). Still, it doesn't mean your understanding is the same as the artist's. Abstracts attempt to create magic with shapes, lines and colors and their meaning is different for everyone who sees it.
?Search for emotions. Not every work of art will catch your eyes or emotions at first sight. __5__ Explore the art work with your eyes. Once you are aware of these things, you will be able to break the ice with art. A．Discover your taste and styles. B．Know the type of art and medium used.
C．Some of these art works will take time to reach you.
D．You just might find that art changes the way you see the world. E．Learning something about the artist adds to the appreciation of art. F．A simple art painting might be understood for different people.
G．The following ideas may help you join in the conversation between you and the artist. 语篇导读 本文从提前了解艺术家、了解画作种类、发现其所含意义、探寻情感等方面介绍了欣赏艺术画作的方法。
1．解析 G 顺承关系。根据空前一句可知，欣赏艺术画作没有什么对或错的方式。紧接着下文从几方面介绍了欣赏艺术画作的方法，所以，空处应为承上启下的句子。G项中的The following ideas为重点提示，引出下文的信息，故选G项。
2．解析 E 顺承关系。根据小标题Know the artist和空处前后句可知，本空应与了解艺术家有关，E项(对艺术家作些了解有助于欣赏艺术作品)符合语境，故选E项。
3．解析 B 总分关系。根据空后第二句可知，本段关键词为type, medium，且空处位于段首，根据篇章结构可知为段落主题句，故选B项。
【误区警示】本题易误选A项。A项与后面一句This is really tough衔接过渡自然，但是此处应是主题句，需要概括整段大意，故排除A项。
4．解析 F 顺承关系。根据空前一句可知，本空与对艺术品的理解有关，且根据线索词understood可快速判断，故选F项。
5．解析 C 顺承关系。根据空前一句可知，并非每一件艺术品都能让你第一眼便被吸
引或激发你的情感，C项(理解某些艺术品会需要一些时间)与上一句衔接紧密，故选C项。
语言知识运用练与写作规范练
Ⅲ 完形填空 课标话题 词 数 人与自我·个人生活 300 体裁 难度 记叙文 I wasn't prepared for the way I felt when my 18yearold son, Dylan, left for Asia during his winter break.
I was __1__ the moment he first told my husband Michael and me that he wanted to use some of his __2__ to travel around China. We were excited for him to explore the world. We told him that __3__ was one of the best ways to spend his money and the __4__ will last a lifetime. On the morning of Dylan's departure, he __5__ a few more things into his bag. Before he and Michael __6__ to the airport, I yelled, “Be safe, and __7__ when you arrive in Shanghai.”
That night, __8__ he was flying somewhere over the Pacific Ocean, it hit me that Dylan was really on his __9__. I woke hourly, each time __10__ the clock and counting the hours before he would land the following morning. __11__ my decision to let him go alone, I prayed, and thought about all the things that could go __12__. Then I heard from him. The first text said he'd arrived. The second text said his luggage didn't __13__ it. Feeling anxious, I madly attempted to __14__ down his luggage. To search for the lost baggage, I persuaded him to go back to the __15__ and suggested he go to the airline's office. My efforts __16__. All the while Dylan was texting me he was all right. After that, there was no more __17__ about the lost luggage. I knew that he'd figure it out, and that the life lesson would be __18__. Several days into the trip, Dylan sent a photo from Hong Kong. “I thought I could never study abroad anywhere but Europe. __19__ I could definitely do it here，” his note read.
And I was __20__. 1．A．thrilled C．eager 2．A.caution C．relations 3．A.traveling C．driving 4．A.costs C．items 5．A.put C．reached
B．worried D．upset B．savings D．friends B．learning D．purchasing B．virtues D．memories B．stuck D．knocked
6．A.took off C．pulled away 7．A.write C．text 8．A.since C．after 9．A.behalf C．mind 10．A.mending C．seeing 11．A.Convincing C．Admitting 12．A.wrong C．smooth 13．A.arrive C．manage 14．A.bring C．settle 15．A.homeland C．supermarket 16．A.failed C．paid
17．A.presentation C．appearance 18．A.awful C．deep 19．A.Or C．And 20．A.in despair C．at peace
B．saw off D．moved on B．call D．email B．though D．while B．feet D．own B．checking D．winding B．Doubting D．Denying B．wild D．bad B．make D．deserve B．turn D．track B．airport D．car B．worked D．lost B．talk D．rumor B．unbearable D．worthless B．So D．But B．at a loss D．in reality
语篇导读 本文叙述了一位母亲在儿子第一次独自出国时的表现和心路历程。 1．解析 A 根据下一句中的excited可知，对于他主动探索世界，我们很高兴；空处也应是表达类似意义的词。thrilled兴奋的，激动的，符合语境，故选A项。
2019-2020学年新人教版高中英语新作业：必修二 课堂小测30
