2、文章首句中的主题名词，尤其是主语在后文被重复时，暗示首句为本文的主题句。 三、主题题型的变体
1、标题，本文最好的标题：①正确答案对应文章的主题词；②选项范围要恰如其分；2000年12月15题。
2、写过目的：①写作目的等于中心思想；②文章中谈到困难或问题，包含下列动词的选项优先考虑：warn,remind。 四、主题题型的正误选项的特征
1、正确选项必须包含文中的主题词；
2、错误选项主要有两种：①包含细节；②出现了原文中没有提到的内容。
文章中出现两个对立观点时，作者可以明确支持其中一派；如果不明确支持其中一派，他的态度一般是折衷的。
词义题题型
一、返回原文找到被考的词或短语 二、做题方法
①根据上下文确定同义或反义关系（寻找词性和语法功能相同的词，根据他们来确定意思）
②根据词根或动词词组的副词判断意义，字面意思或大纲中的第一个意思通常不是答案
例证题题型
1、例证题的总原则：问一个例子或类比的目的或原因，答案为该例子前后总结说明性的话。
2、两种模式：①先总结，后例子答案往前找；给出例子时常有提示词：for example ,for instance；②先例子后总结答案往后找；给出总结时常用提示词：therefore thus 等结论性词汇。
3、三种情况：①全文性的例子，答案为本文的主题；②段落性的例子，答案指向段落主题句，在本段的首末句；③在没有标志词的情况下，问一个单词例证什么，通常等于问该单词在句子中的意思；01-6-29例证题和指代题一样，比较干扰选项是比较不出来的，选出正确答案了就不要看其他的选项了。对于文章写的比较郁闷，作者观点不明确的文章，作者对文中的问题一般表示关注。
因果原则：
1、隐性因果：即问题出现因果词，但原文找到的句子没有因果词，一般集中与段落的前两句；尤其是前一句是因后一句是果。
2、显性因果：①因果名词（在问题中有因果，在原文中也有因果）：reason result basis ②因果动词：base on ,be due to , result from , result in ③因果连词或介词：because, with, why , for, as ④因果副词：therefore , thus ,as a result 在文章中看见因果词就要想到后面会考到；在选项中看到因果词，就要想到文中的因果现象。
如果文章中谈一个现实问题，解决方案一般不够完美，所以涉及解决方案的选项具有以下特征才是正确的：①目前解决方案不行；②需要继续寻找解决方案。2001-6-first 实验型文章实验目的指向主题或目的不定式，对于实验性文章，实验代表人物有了，再看实验目的，然后是实验结果，凡是与这三点无关的句子都要快读。有时候有的段落没有题，没有题的段落出现在选项里常常是干扰选项。选项错误大多跟形容词和副词有关
文章的主题可以用两个方式来表达：①直接阐述作者的观点；②否定与作者相反、相对
立的观点。 推理题题型
1、问题中有线索时，根据线索找到原文相关句，与相关句意思一致的为正确答案。所以说不管题目中有imply include infer,只要问题中有一个线索，比如：人名、地名、关键词，就拿着这些词回原文找和原句一对应，就出来答案。
2、infer题，一般对应相应段落，否则对应文章主题。 此类题目一般题干光秃秃的没有什么线索，这时我们应该看该题的位置，如果是文章开始，那就对应文章开始；出在2、3、4那就一般和234对应，最多错一个段落，否则就是对应文章主题；如果在最后的话，那优先对应文章最后。
3、推论（conclude）题： ①为第一题时，通常对应文章主题；②为2、3、4题时，基本上针对文章中间段落；③为最后一道题时，优先对应文章最后部分，有时也针对文章主题。 与主题有关的优先考虑。
总复习
1、利用两周左右的时间复习学过的内容；包括：①总结所有错误题目的主要问题；②结合文章消化做题方法；③归纳难词难句；
2、继续做题：①做题的进度，每周2-3个单元；②作题的遍数。真题作两遍。99年6月以后的做两遍研究一遍。（上海外语教育出版社《大学英语四级最新考题祥解》）③根据上下文记忆词汇；（最后）④模考；99-6、2001-6加上2002-1（最新刚考过的）的题目。
写作必备模板和句型
（一）综合运用篇
Along with the advance of the society more and more problems are brought to our attention, one of which is that?.
随着社会的不断发展，出现了越来越多的问题，其中之一便是____________。
As to whether it is a blessing or a curse, however, people take different attitudes. 然而，对于此类问题，人们持不同的看法。 Hold different attitudes 持不同的看法（观点、态度）
Come up with different attitudes 有不同的看法
As society develops, people are attaching much importance to?. 随着社会的发展，人们开始关注????
People are attaching more and more importance to the interview during job hunting 求职的过程中，人们慢慢意识到面试的重要性。
As to whether it is worthwhile ?.., there is a long-running controversial debate. It is quite natural that people from different backgrounds may have divergent attitudes towards it.
关于是否值得___________的问题，一直以来争论不休。当然，不同的人对此可能持不同的观点。
In the process of modern urban development, we often find ourselves in a dilemma. 在都市的发展中，我们往往会陷入困境。
Recently the phenomenon has aroused wide concern, some people are in alarm that?. 最近，这种现象引起了人们的广泛关注，有人开始担心______________。
The human race has entered a completely new stage in its history, with the
increasingly rapid economic globalization and urbanization, more problems are brought to our attention.
人类进入了一个历史的崭新的阶段，经济全球化、都市化的速度不断加快，随之给我们带来了很多问题。
?? plays such an important role that it undeniably becomes the biggest concern of the present world, there comes a question, is it a blessing or a curse?” _______显得非常重要而成为当今世界所关注的最大的问题，这是无可厚非的。不过，问题是：“我们该如何抉择？”
Now we are entering a new era, full of opportunities and challenges 现在我们正在进入一个充满机会和挑战的新时代。
（二）展现问题篇
问题的常用词：question, problem, issue
Recently, the issue of ?? has been brought into public focus. 近来，_______的问题引起了社会的广泛关注。
Now we are entering a brand new era full of opportunities and innovations, and great changes have taken place in people’s attitude towards some traditional practice. 现在我们进入了一个充满机遇和创新的崭新时代，很多人对某些传统的看法也发生了很大改变。
Recently the issue of whether or not ? has been in the limelight and has aroused wide concern in the public.
近来，是否_______的问题已经非常明确而且引起了社会的广泛关注。
The issue whether it is good or not to ?. has aroused a heated discussion all over the country.
______的利与弊已在全国范围内引起热烈的讨论。 At present, some people think ?.while others claim ?Both sides have their merits. 目前，一些人认为_______而另一些人则认为_______。其实，两种观点都其可取之处。 People rarely reach an absolute consensus on such a controversial issue. 对于这种极具争议的话题，我们很难作出绝对的回答。
People from different backgrounds would put different interpretations on the same case.
不同行业的人对同一种问题的解释不尽相同。
The controversial issue is often brought into public focus. People from different backgrounds hold different attitudes towards the issue.
这中极具争议性的话题往往很受社会的关注。不同的人对此问题的看法也不尽相同。 When asked ?, some people think?.. while some prefer? 说到______，有人认为________，而另一些人则认为__________。 Just as the saying goes: “so many people, so many minds”. It is quite understandable that views on this issue vary from person to person. 俗话说，“”。不同的人对此有不同的看法是可以理解的。
To this issue, different people come up with various attitudes. 对于这个问题，不同的人持不同的观点。
Those who strongly approve of ? have cogent reasons for it. 强烈认同_______的人有很多原因。
Many people would claim that? 有人会认为___________。
People who support ? give some or all of the following reasons. 那些支持_________观点的人列出了如下原因：________。
But others hold the view that ?但是，另外一些人则认为_______。
观点的用词：Attitude, opinion, 与其搭配的动词以及词组：Take, have, come up with，set forth, put forward等。
But on the other hand, there are also quite a few people who strongly advocate that..,.
不过，另一方面，也有少部分人坚持认为_______________。
But people who are ?, on the other hand , maintain that? 不过，另一方面，________的人认为__________。
However, there are a large number of people who hold a different view concerning this case.
然而，很多人对此有不同的看法。
问题用词：Issue, phenomenon，后接介词, on, over等。
However, some others argue that? 然而，另一些人则认为_________。 However, there are also some others who contend that... 然而，也有人认为__________。
But other people set forth completely totally different argument concerning this case.
不过，对于此，另一些人则持完全不同的观点。
Some people examine this issue from another angle. 有的人用另一角度来看这一问题。
On the other hand, there are also many opponents who strongly ? 另一方面，也有很多反对的人，他们认为_____________。
According to my personality and fondness, I would prefer ? rather than? 根据我的个性以及兴趣，我选择_______而不会选择__________。 Personally, I side with the latter (former) opinion? 就我个人而言，我支持后者（前者）___________。
Personally, I am in favor of the former point of view. 就我个人而言，我较同意前一种看法。 To my point of view 我认为 To my mind, the advantages far overweigh the drawbacks（disadvantages, shortcomings） 我认为，优点胜过缺点。
For my part, I stand on side of the latter opinion that.. 就我而言，我较赞同后一种观点________________。
As far as I am concerned, I am inclined to be on the side of the latter view. 在我看来，我较同意后一种观点。
After a thorough consideration, for my part, I am in favor of the latter view that? 经过深思熟虑，我较支持后一种看法，亦即________________________。 If asked to make a decision, I would prefer? 如果真的需要作出选择，我宁愿____________。
Taking into consideration both sides of the issue, I tend to favor the latter view..
比较两种观点进行比较，我较同意后一种观点，亦即_________________。 When considering opinions of both sides, I am inclined to ? 对两种观点进行综合考虑之后，我较认同_________________。
If it is up to me to make a choice between ? and ? I would rather choose ? over? 如果要我在____和____之间进行选择，我宁愿选择_____而不会选择______。
I would have to say that, if I were faced with the decision, I would follow ?. 我需要说的是，如果要我抉择，我会____________。 At the risk of sounding too direct , I prefer to? 虽然可能过于直接，不过，我还是选择____________。 表达不确定的用词：May, seem, be likely to, possible, probably, perhaps, be said that, be said to?
写作七类精彩句型
一、比较
1.The advantages far outweigh the disadvantages.
2.The advantages of A are much greater than those of B.
3.A may be preferable to B, but A suffers from the disadvantages that...
4.It is reasonable to maintain that ...but it would be foolish to claim that... 5.For all the disadvantages, it has its compensating advantages. 6.Like anything else, it has its faults. 7.A and B has several points in common. 8.A bears some resemblances to B.
9.However, the same is not applicable to B. 10.A and B differ in several ways.
11.Evidently, it has both negative and positive effects. 12.People used to think ..., but things are different now. 13.The same is true of B.
14.Wondering as A is ,it has its drawbacks.
15. It is true that A ... , but the chief faults (obvious defects )are ...
二、原因
1.A number of factors are accountable for this situation.
A number of factors might contribute to (lead to )(account for ) the phenomenon(problem).
2.The answer to this problem involves many factors. 3.The phenomenon mainly stems from the fact that...
4.The factors that contribute to this situation include... 5.The change in ...largely results from the fact that... 6.We may blame ...,but the real causes are... 7.Part of the explanations for it is that ...
One of the most common factors (causes ) is that ... Another contributing factor (cause ) is ... Perhaps the primary factor is that ? But the fundamental cause is that ...
2017年大学生英语四级复习知识点综合整理
