副词abroad的用法要点与易错点
1. 表示“在国外”、“到国外”等,是副词,不是名词,因此不能与 in, to, at 等介词连用;其前也不用冠词。如:
He has gone abroad with his wife. 他已与他妻子出国了。 His son was living abroad. 他儿子当时住在国外。 不能说:go to (the) abroad / live in (the) abroad
注意:abroad 之前虽不能用 in, to 之类的介词,但是却可以用介词 from。如:
He just came back from abroad. 他刚从国外回来。
2. 汉语中的“国内外”,说成英语是 at home and abroad。如: He is famous at home and abroad. 他闻名国内外。
The situation both at home and abroad is in our favour. 国内外形势对我们都有利。
2. 由于是副词,不是形容词,所以不能用于名词前作定语。但是,若语义需要,它可置于名词后作定语。如:
My first journey abroad is something I shall never forget. 我第一次出国旅行的情景是我永远不会忘记的。
She used to be terribly shy, but a year abroad has completely transformed her. 她过去十分腼腆,但在国外呆了一年以后完全变了。 比较下面两句abroad与from abroad用作后置定语的区别:
Investments abroad set another record last year. 向国外的投资去年又创新经录。
Investments from abroad set another record last year. 来自国外的投资去年又创新经录。
介词above 用法要点
1. 表示“在……上方”、“高于”(与 below 相对)。如:
The sun rose above the horizon. 太阳已升到地平线以上。 The plane flew above the clouds. 飞机在云层上飞行。 参见 above 与 over 的有关用法及区别。
2. 表示在地位、级别、能力、资历、重要性等方面“超过”、“在……之上”、“比……强”。如:
He is above the others in ability. 他的能力优于其他人。 He is above me in every way. 他各个方面都比我强。
As a scholar, he is far above me. 作为一个学者,他远远超过了我。 3. 表示在程度或限度等方面“超过”、“超越”等,这类短语通常用作表语。如:
The book is above me (my understanding). 这本书我读不懂。 The lecture was above the heads of most of the audience. 大部分听众听不懂这个演讲。
His heroism was above (beyond) all praise. 他的英勇行为 非言辞所能赞扬。
注:以上用法中的 above 有时可用 beyond 代之,尤其是其后接的是人称代词或人名时。如:
The problem is above (beyond) me. 这个问题我不懂。
4. 表示因优秀或出色等而“不至于”、“不屑于”、“不会”等,主要指道德方面,在句中主要用作表语:
She is above telling a lie. 她不至于说谎。
He is above doing such things. 他不至于做出那样的事来。
He is above meanness and deceit. 他不至于做出卑劣和欺骗的事情来。 If you want to learn, you must not be above asking questions. 你如果要学习,就要不耻下问。
介词about用法说明
1. 表示“大约”,通常用于数字前。如: It costs about $10. 这需10美元左右。
He arrived at about 10 o’clock. 他大约10点钟到达。
2. 在动词 know, hear, speak 等之后用不用介词 about, 含义有差别。如: I have heard about him, but I don’t know him. 我听到过一些关于他的事,但不认识他这个人。
I’ve heard of him, but I don’t know about him. 我听说过他,但我不知道有关他的情况。 试比较:
He knows her. 他认识她。
He knows of her. 他知道有她这样一个人。 He knows about her. 他知道有关她的情况。
3. be about to (do),意为“即将”、“马上”。注意该短语不与具体的时间状语(如:soon, tomorrow, immediately 等)连用。如: We are about to leave for Beijing. 我们正要动身去北京。 不说:He is about to leave here tomorrow. 注意该短语可与并列连词 when(这时)连用。如:
I was (just) about to go to bed when the telephone rang. 我正要上床睡觉,这时电话铃突然响了起来。
在美国英语中,be about to do sth 的否定式,可表示“不愿意做某事”。如:
I am not about to admit defeat. 我还不想认输。
4. about和on均可表示“关于”,但about主要指泛泛地或非正式地谈论某事,其谈论的内容也较为普通;而on则指比较有系统地或理论性较强地论述某事,其论述的内容较正式或较严肃。比较: He wrote on mathematics. 他撰写数学著作。
He wrote about the school. 他报道有关这所学校的情况。
It is a book on birds. 那是一本论及鸟类的书。(可能是一本学术著作) It is a book about birds. 那是一本关于鸟的书。(可能是一本供小孩看的关于鸟类的故事书)
5. 注意不要按汉语意思,在一些及物动词后误加介词 about,而在一些不及物动词后该加 about 时却漏加。如: 他没什么不满吧?
误:He has nothing to complain, does he? 正:He has nothing to complain about, does he?
析:表示抱怨某事时,complain 不及物,其后需接介词 about 或 of 再带名词或代词作宾语。(本句中 about 的逻辑宾语是 nothing) 我们会尽快讨论此事的。
误:We'll discuss about it as soon as possible. 正:We'll discuss it as soon as possible.
析:discuss(讨论)为及物动词,后接宾语时,无需用介词。类似地,英语说 consider sth, 而不说 consider about sth;可说 doubt sth, 而不说 doubt about sth;可说 explain sth,而不说 explain about sth;可说 report sth,而不说 report about sth;等等。
形容词able用法要点
1. 表示“有能力的”、“能干的”,可用作表语或定语。如: He is an able manager. 他是位有能力的经理。 He is old but still able. 他虽年老,但仍有很能干。 2. 用于 be able to do sth(能或会做做某事)。如: He is able to speak English. 他会说英语。
Everyone here is able to type. 这儿的每一个人都会打字。
He will be able to get about in a week or two. 再过一两个星期左右他就能走动了。
He studied hard and was able to pass his examinations. 他学习很努力,所以考试及了格。
注:be able to 不仅有多种时态形式(通常不用于进行时或与 be going to 连用),而且还可以与某些情态动词连用(通常不与 can 连用),甚至还可以有非谓语形式。如:
Since his accident he hasn’t been able to leave the house. 自出事之后,他一直未能离开家。
You might be able to persuade him. 你也许能够说服他。 I hope to be able to do the work. 我希望能干得了这项工作。 I regret not being able to help her. 我很遗憾未能帮助她。
3. able 的比较级和最高级通常是 abler 和 ablest,也可以是 more able 和 most able,有时还可用 better able和best able。如:
You are better able to do it than I (am). 你比我更有能力做这件事。 She’s the person best able to cope. 她是个最能妥善处理问题的人。 4. 若要加强语气,其前除可very, quite, perfectly等修饰外,有时还可用well修饰。如:
He is quite [well] able to take care of himself. 他完全有能力照顾自己。
He’s a very able student; he’s just too lazy. 他是个很有能力的学生,只是太懒了。
若受just, only just修饰,则表示“只能”“仅能”。如:
I was just able to make out a dark figure in the distance. 我只能看见远处有个黑影。
5. able的反义词是unable(不能的,不会的),不是disable,后者是动词,其意为“使残废”“使无能力”。比较:
They were unable to reach a decision. 他们没法做出决定。
Now that he was disabled, his house had become a prison to him. 因为他残废了,他的房子就成了他的牢笼。
中考词汇用法-副词的用法要点与易错点



