四、形容词和副词
对应学生用书p164
在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
1．(2024·全国卷Ⅰ)It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been ____________(poor) studied.
2．(2024·全国卷Ⅰ)Scientists have responded by noting that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are ____________(high) than they actually are.
3．(2024·全国卷Ⅱ)We are so proud of her. It’s ____________(wonder)．
4．(2024·全国卷Ⅲ)They also shared with us many ____________(tradition) stories about Hawaii that were ____________(huge) popular with tourists.
5．(2024·浙江卷)When the children are walking or cycling to school on dark mornings, car drivers can ____________(easy) see them.
6．(2024·全国卷Ⅰ)According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years ____________(long) than non-runners.
7．(2024·全国卷Ⅰ)Running is cheap, easy and it’s always ____________(energy)． 8．(2024·全国卷Ⅱ)A taste for meat is ____________(actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle.
9．(2024·全国卷Ⅱ)According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total ____________(globe)fertilizer consumption. [答案与解析]
1．poorly。考查副词用法。根据句意和结构分析可知，此处用副词poorly修饰谓语动词has been studied，意为“研究很少”。故填poorly。
2．higher。考查形容词比较级。根据其后than they actually are可知，此处为形容词的比较级，故填higher。
3．wonderful。考查形容词做表语。根据句子结构可知，在系动词is之后用形容词形式
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做表语，故填wonderful。
4．traditional；hugely。第一空：考查形容词。空格修饰名词stories，应用形容词形式，tradition的形容词为traditional，故填traditional。第二空：考查副词。空格处修饰形容词popular，应用副词形式，huge的副词为hugely，故填hugely。
5．easily。考查副词。分析句式可知，设空处所给词是修饰动词see，修饰动词要用副词，因此，用easy的副词形式。故填easily。
6．longer。句中有than，故用long的比较级longer。
7．energetic。and连接两个并列分句，两个分句都表示跑步的特征，and前面的cheap和easy均为形容词，故此处应用形容词energetic做表语，意为“需要能量的，剧烈的”。
8．actually。副词actually修饰谓语动词is。 9．global。形容词做定语。
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对应学生用书p165
(一)形容词和副词的作用与位置 作用 形容词短语做定语，定语后置；单个形容词做定语，定语前置 表语形容词(afraid，alike，alone，asleep，awake，alive等)做定语，定语后置 修饰由不定代词one，no，any，some和every与thing构成的复合不定代词anything，something，everything，nothing等时，定语一律后置 Will you tell us anything new？ enough，nearby修饰名词前置或后置均可； enough修饰形容词、副词时，必须后置 副词做定语，定语后置 else “其他的，别的”常用作疑问代词和不定代词的后置定语；other用于名词前 频度副词如：often，always，usually，never，hardly，seldom等在be动词、助动词、情态动词后，行为动词前 She is always worried. I can hardly speak Japanese. 表原意(无-ly)的副词：deep，wide，low，high 引申意(有-ly)的副词：deeply(深入地)，widely(广泛地)，highly(高度地)，lowly(地位卑微地) be moved deeply，think highly of，be used widely 有无-ly意义大不相同的副词：dead完全，绝对，deadly非常；pretty相当，prettily漂亮地；close近，closely密切地；late晚、迟，lately最近 be pretty certain & be prettily dressed Don't sit close.& Watch closely！ arrive / come late & see sb. lately enough books＝books enough，old enough，rapidly enough The person there / here is waiting for you. what else...，who else...，where else...，nothing else You are often late. dig the hole deep，fly high / low 举例 a child five years old，a language difficult to master，a leaning tower about 180 feet high，a five-year-old child a man alive，the boy awake I have something important to tell you. be dead asleep & be deadly tired
注意：有些表身体健康状况的形容词如well，faint，ill只做表语。 例如：He is a sick person.(定语)(√) He is an ill person.(定语)(×) The person is sick / ill.(表语) (√)
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Take this medicine and it has no ill effect on your health.(做定语意为“bad”) (二)形容词和副词的比较等级 比较级指两者相比较，最高级必须三者或三者以上相比较。比较级和最高级的常用句型，也是高考的焦点之一。现总结如下。
名称 相等 (as＋原级＋名词＋as) He doesn’t have as much money as his friend. 不及 (not as/so＋原级＋n.＋as) less＋原级＋than 比……更 超越 “两者中较……的一个” 用于否定 “和……一样不” 用于否定 程度递增 两种情况同时变化 (“越……，就越……”) 三者或三者 以上比较 (“……之中最……”) 句型 as＋原级＋as It's not as hard as I thought. not as/so＋原级＋as She is not as/so beautiful as her sister. 比较级＋than the＋比较级＋of the two He is the taller of the two. no＋比较级＋than He did no better than I. “再……不过” -er and -er / more and more＋多音节词原级： “越来越……” the ＋比较级，the＋比较级 The harder he works，the happier he feels. the ＋最高级＋of / in＋比较范围 Of all things in the world，people are the most precious. 例句 Health is more important than wealth. His work couldn't be worse. higher and higher；more and more important
(三)比较级和最高级的修饰词语 1．表示一方超过另一方的程度或数量时，可在比较级前加表示程度的状语，常见的有：many，a few (用于“more ＋可数名词”前)，50%，one third，a lot，much，a bit，even，a little，still，a great deal，far，by far，rather，two years，ten percent，three times，etc.等修饰。
例如：He works even harder than before.
2．用于形容词和副词最高级前，如：the very，much，by far，the first / second等。 例如：This hat is by far the largest in the world. Gold is the very most valuable of all materials. 3．修饰一些特殊形容词的修饰语有： be well worth / prepared，quite different / ready，much the same，terribly cold / frightening，freezing cold
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修饰以a-开头的形容词，多有特殊的修饰词：quite alone，wide awake，fast / sound asleep，very much afraid。
修饰绝对意义的形容词，一般不用very，而用quite，completely，well，entirely。
例如：quite wrong(mistaken，sure)，completely dead，quite impossible，quite perfect / excellent等。
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高考英语复习：语法 四、形容词和副词
